School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
Department of Nutrition, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2024;99(s1):S81-S95. doi: 10.3233/JAD-220863.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the prodromal stage of dementia. In this stage, reasonable intervention measures can help to delay the decline of cognitive function. Supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFAs) may be beneficial to delay the decline of cognitive function in the elderly.
To investigate the effectiveness of docosapentaenoic acid (DHA) or/and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplements in the elderly with MCI.
Eight electronic databases, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, VIP, SinoMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and WANFANG DATA, were searched for related articles from inception until January 2022. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to detect confounding variables. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined. Heterogeneity was evaluated by I2 statistics. Publication bias was detected using funnel plots. Stata12.0 was used for Begg's and Egger's test to quantify whether publication bias. Linear relationship between global cognition and covariates was examined in meta-regression analysis.
Twelve studies (n = 1,124) were included. The methodological quality of research is mostly medium. Compared with placebo, n-3PUFAs supplements have benefits on global cognition [SMD = 0.51, 95% CI(0.12, 0.91), p = 0.01]. No significant differences were observed between intervention group and placebo on language fluency, executive functions, and depression.
Our findings indicated DHA and/or EPA supplements have benefits on global cognition, and it may also reduce the level of blood amyloid-β (Aβ)-related biomarkers (e.g., Aβ40, Aβ42) and inflammatory factors (e.g., 1L-6, 1L-10). Since there are only two relative articles, more research is needed in the future to clarify the relationship.
轻度认知障碍（MCI）是痴呆的前驱阶段。在这个阶段，合理的干预措施有助于延缓认知功能的下降。补充 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3PUFAs）可能有助于延缓老年人认知功能的下降。
探讨二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和/或二十碳五烯酸（EPA）补充剂对 MCI 老年人的疗效。
检索从建库至 2022 年 1 月的PubMed、Cochrane 图书馆、Embase、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、Web of Science、中国知网和万方数据等 8 个电子数据库，收集有关 DHA 和/或 EPA 补充剂治疗 MCI 老年人的随机对照试验。采用亚组分析和敏感性分析检测混杂因素，采用标准化均数差（SMD）及其 95%置信区间（CI）表示效应量，采用 I2 统计量评估异质性，采用漏斗图检测发表偏倚，采用 Stata12.0 软件的 Begg 检验和 Egger 检验进行发表偏倚的定量分析，采用 Meta 回归分析检验认知功能的整体变化与协变量间的线性关系。
纳入 12 项研究（n = 1124）。研究的方法学质量大多为中等。与安慰剂相比，n-3PUFAs 补充剂对认知功能整体改善有益[SMD = 0.51，95% CI（0.12，0.91），p = 0.01]。干预组与安慰剂在语言流畅性、执行功能和抑郁方面无显著差异。
本研究结果表明，DHA 和/或 EPA 补充剂对认知功能有改善作用，可能降低血液淀粉样蛋白-β（Aβ）相关生物标志物（如 Aβ40、Aβ42）和炎症因子（如 1L-6、1L-10）水平。由于仅有两项相关文献，未来还需要更多研究来阐明两者的关系。
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