Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
J Psychiatr Res. 2023 Dec;168:30-37. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.034. Epub 2023 Oct 18.
Personality traits have been associated with cognitive functioning and risk of cognitive decline. Fewer studies have investigated how personality facets are associated with cognition in large cohorts with a prospective design.
The association between eight personality facets and cognition (speed measures reflecting psychomotor speed and visual attention; hit rate measures reflecting visual learning and working memory) was analyzed in middle-aged adults from the Lifelines cohort (N = 79911; age 43 ± 11 years).
High hostility, high vulnerability, low excitement seeking, and low competence were associated with worse cognitive performance on all tasks. Impulsivity-related facets had weak and differential associations, with self-discipline negatively associated with accuracy and deliberation negatively associated with speed. These associations remained largely unchanged when accounting for lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity). The associations with cognition were stronger in older people for impulsiveness, deliberation, and hostility, while stronger in younger people for excitement seeking, self-discipline, and vulnerability.
In a large population-based sample with a broad age range, the associations of personality facets with cognitive functioning had small effect sizes, were independent of lifestyle factors, and varied with age and among facets within the same personality domain. These findings highlight the importance of developmental stages and facet-level research in personality-cognition associations.
人格特质与认知功能和认知衰退风险有关。很少有研究调查在具有前瞻性设计的大型队列中，人格特质与认知之间存在哪些关联。
在 Lifelines 队列中（N=79911；年龄 43±11 岁），分析了 8 个人格特质与认知（反映心理运动速度和视觉注意力的速度测量指标；反映视觉学习和工作记忆的击中率测量指标）之间的关联。
高敌意、高脆弱性、低兴奋寻求和低能力与所有任务的认知表现较差有关。与冲动性相关的特质具有较弱且不同的关联，自律与准确性呈负相关，深思熟虑与速度呈负相关。当考虑生活方式因素（吸烟、饮酒、体育活动）时，这些关联基本保持不变。对于冲动性、深思熟虑和敌意，老年人的认知关联更强，而对于兴奋寻求、自律和脆弱性，年轻人的认知关联更强。
在一个具有广泛年龄范围的大型基于人群的样本中，人格特质与认知功能的关联具有较小的效应量，独立于生活方式因素，并且随着年龄和同一人格特质领域内的特质而变化。这些发现强调了在人格-认知关联中发展阶段和特质层面研究的重要性。
