Wang Wenting, Liu Yanfei, Li Yiwen, Luo Binyu, Lin Zhixiu, Chen Keji, Liu Yue
National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology Xiyuan Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China.
Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong.
MedComm (2020). 2023 Feb 5;4(1):e212. doi: 10.1002/mco2.212. eCollection 2023 Feb.
For centuries, the search for nutritional interventions to underpin cardiovascular treatment and prevention guidelines has contributed to the rapid development of the field of dietary patterns and cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Numerous studies have demonstrated that healthy dietary patterns with emphasis on food-based recommendations are the gold standard for extending lifespan and reducing the risks of CMD and mortality. Healthy dietary patterns include various permutations of energy restriction, macronutrients, and food intake patterns such as calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, Mediterranean diet, plant-based diets, etc. Early implementation of healthy dietary patterns in patients with CMD is encouraged, but an understanding of the mechanisms by which these patterns trigger cardiometabolic benefits remains incomplete. Hence, this review examined several dietary patterns that may improve cardiometabolic health, including restrictive dietary patterns, regional dietary patterns, and diets based on controlled macronutrients and food groups, summarizing cutting-edge evidence and potential mechanisms for CMD prevention and treatment. Particularly, considering individual differences in responses to dietary composition and nutritional changes in organ tissue diversity, we highlighted the critical role of individual gut microbiota in the crosstalk between diet and CMD and recommend a more precise and dynamic nutritional strategy for CMD by developing dietary patterns based on individual gut microbiota profiles.
几个世纪以来，寻找支持心血管疾病治疗和预防指南的营养干预措施推动了饮食模式与心脏代谢疾病（CMD）领域的快速发展。大量研究表明，强调基于食物建议的健康饮食模式是延长寿命、降低CMD风险和死亡率的金标准。健康饮食模式包括能量限制、宏量营养素以及食物摄入模式的各种组合，如热量限制、间歇性禁食、地中海饮食、植物性饮食等。鼓励CMD患者尽早采用健康饮食模式，但对于这些模式引发心脏代谢益处的机制仍不完全清楚。因此，本综述探讨了几种可能改善心脏代谢健康的饮食模式，包括限制性饮食模式、区域性饮食模式以及基于受控宏量营养素和食物组的饮食，总结了CMD预防和治疗的前沿证据及潜在机制。特别是，考虑到个体对饮食组成的反应差异以及器官组织多样性中的营养变化，我们强调了个体肠道微生物群在饮食与CMD相互作用中的关键作用，并建议通过根据个体肠道微生物群谱制定饮食模式，为CMD制定更精确、动态的营养策略。
