Totton Rebecca R, Rios Kimberly, Shogren Nathaniel
Department of Psychology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, United States.
Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jan 26;13:1006107. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1006107. eCollection 2022.
Transgender individuals face high levels of prejudice in interpersonal relationships. However, limited experimental research has examined the role of identity disclosure on anti-transgender prejudice.
Drawing upon research on distrust and identity disclosure, two between-participants experiments (total n = 802) examined the role of intentional and unintentional identity disclosure on negative attitudes (Studies 1 & 2), perceived deception (Studies 1 & 2) and distrust (Study 2) toward two potentially concealable and historically distrusted identities (transgender and atheist). Specifically, the current studies examine the impact of a target's stigmatized identity (transgender or atheist) and method of disclosure (intentional or unintentional) on perceptions of the target, perceived deceptiveness, and distrust toward the target.
Our findings demonstrated that compared to atheists, transgender targets elicited greater levels of prejudice and were viewed as more deceptive, and that this effect was amplified if the target did not intentionally reveal their identity. Study 2 demonstrated that perceived deception mediated the relationship between reveal type (i.e., intentional vs. unintentional) and prejudice toward participants who read about a transgender (but not atheist) target.
We discuss the implications of these findings for reducing prejudice toward binary transgender individuals, particularly those who do not voluntarily disclose their identity.
跨性别者在人际关系中面临着高度的偏见。然而，有限的实验研究考察了身份披露在反跨性别偏见中的作用。
基于对不信任和身份披露的研究，两项被试间实验（共802名被试）考察了有意和无意身份披露对针对两种可能被隐瞒且历史上不被信任的身份（跨性别者和无神论者）的消极态度（研究1和2）、感知欺骗（研究1和2）以及不信任（研究2）的影响。具体而言，当前研究考察了目标的污名化身份（跨性别者或无神论者）和披露方式（有意或无意）对目标的认知、感知欺骗性以及对目标的不信任的影响。
我们的研究结果表明，与无神论者相比，跨性别目标引发了更高程度的偏见，并且被视为更具欺骗性，而且如果目标没有有意透露其身份，这种影响会被放大。研究2表明，感知欺骗在披露类型（即有意与无意）和对阅读了关于跨性别（而非无神论）目标的参与者的偏见之间起中介作用。
我们讨论了这些发现对于减少对二元跨性别者，特别是那些不自愿披露其身份的人的偏见的意义。
