Blum D, Huttly S R, Okoro J I, Akujobi C, Kirkwood B R, Feachem R G
Department of Tropical Hygiene and Tropical Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Epidemiol Infect. 1987 Oct;99(2):429-37. doi: 10.1017/s0950268800067923.
Monthly bacteriological water testing of traditional water sources (ponds, rivers, unprotected springs and traditional wells) used by five villages in northeastern Imo State, Nigeria, was conducted during the period January 1983 to August 1985. The membrane-filtration technique was used to detect faecal coliforms (FC) and faecal streptococci (FS). Evidence of faecal pollution was seen throughout the year for all water sources. During the study period, the monthly geometric mean counts per 100 ml of water (all sources combined) ranged from 760 to 17877 for FC and from 678 to 17394 for FS. The peak period of faecal pollution occurred during the transition between the dry and wet seasons and in the early wet season. During this peak pollution season (February-May), the geometric mean counts were 2.5-7.2 times higher than in the remaining part of the year for all source types except rivers, with ponds being the most heavily polluted. Preliminary findings on the sensitivity and specificity, in this tropical environment, of the standard membrane-filtration technique for enumerating FC are presented. The implications of the findings of this study for the environmental control of waterborne and hygiene-related diseases are discussed.
1983年1月至1985年8月期间，对尼日利亚伊莫州东北部五个村庄使用的传统水源（池塘、河流、未受保护的泉水和传统水井）进行了月度水质细菌学检测。采用膜过滤技术检测粪大肠菌群（FC）和粪链球菌（FS）。所有水源全年均可见粪便污染迹象。在研究期间，每100毫升水（所有水源合计）的月度几何平均计数中，FC为760至17877，FS为678至17394。粪便污染的高峰期出现在旱季和雨季过渡期间以及雨季初期。在这个污染高峰期（2月至5月），除河流外，所有水源类型的几何平均计数都比一年中的其他时间高出2.5至7.2倍，其中池塘污染最为严重。本文介绍了在这种热带环境下，标准膜过滤技术用于计数FC的敏感性和特异性的初步研究结果。讨论了本研究结果对水源性疾病和卫生相关疾病环境控制的意义。
