南非北开普省超重和肥胖的流行病学相关性。
Epidemiological correlates of overweight and obesity in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa.
机构信息
Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, United States.
Department of Anthropology and UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States.
出版信息
PeerJ. 2023 Feb 9;11:e14723. doi: 10.7717/peerj.14723. eCollection 2023.
BACKGROUND
In the past several decades, obesity has become a major public health issue worldwide, associated with increased rates of chronic disease and death. Like many developing nations, South Africa is experiencing rapid increases in BMI, and as a result, evidence-based preventive strategies are needed to reduce the increasing burden of overweight and obesity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of overweight and obesity among a multi-ethnic cohort from the rural Northern Cape of South Africa.
METHODS
These data were collected as part of a tuberculosis (TB) case-control study, with 395 healthy control participants included in the final analysis. Overweight and obesity were defined according to WHO classification. Multivariate linear models of BMI were generated using sex, age, education level, smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes as predictor variables. We also used multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess the relationship of these factors with overweight and obesity.
RESULTS
The average BMI in our study cohort was 25.2. The prevalence of overweight was 18.0% and the prevalence of obesity was 25.0%. We find that female sex, being older, having more years of formal education, having diabetes, and being in a rural area are all positively associated with BMI in our dataset. Women (OR = 5.6, 95% CI [3.3-9.8]), rural individuals (OR = 3.3, 95% CI [1.9-6.0]), older individuals (OR = 1.02, 95% CI [1-1.04]), and those with more years of education (OR = 1.2, 95% CI [1.09-1.32]) were all more likely to be overweight or obese. Alternatively, being a smoker is negatively associated with BMI and decreases one's odds of being overweight or obese (OR = 0.28, 95% CI [0.16-0.46]).
CONCLUSIONS
We observed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in this study. The odds of being overweight and obese were higher in women, those living in rural areas, and those with more education, and increases with age. Community-based interventions to control obesity in this region should pay special attention to these groups.
背景
在过去几十年中，肥胖已成为全球主要的公共卫生问题，与慢性病和死亡率的上升有关。与许多发展中国家一样，南非的 BMI 也在迅速增加，因此需要基于证据的预防策略来减轻超重和肥胖的日益加重的负担。本研究旨在确定南非农村北开普省多民族队列中超重和肥胖的流行率及其预测因素。
方法
这些数据是作为结核病（TB）病例对照研究的一部分收集的，最终分析包括 395 名健康对照参与者。超重和肥胖根据世卫组织分类定义。使用性别、年龄、教育水平、吸烟、饮酒和糖尿病作为预测变量，生成 BMI 的多变量线性模型。我们还使用多变量逻辑回归分析评估这些因素与超重和肥胖的关系。
结果
我们研究队列的平均 BMI 为 25.2。超重的患病率为 18.0%，肥胖的患病率为 25.0%。我们发现，女性、年龄较大、受教育程度较高、患有糖尿病和居住在农村地区均与我们数据集中的 BMI 呈正相关。女性（OR=5.6，95%CI[3.3-9.8]）、农村居民（OR=3.3，95%CI[1.9-6.0]）、年龄较大的个体（OR=1.02，95%CI[1-1.04]）和受教育程度较高的个体（OR=1.2，95%CI[1.09-1.32]）更有可能超重或肥胖。相反，吸烟与 BMI 呈负相关，降低了超重或肥胖的几率（OR=0.28，95%CI[0.16-0.46]）。
结论
我们在这项研究中观察到超重和肥胖的高患病率。女性、农村居民和受教育程度较高的人超重和肥胖的几率更高，并且随着年龄的增长而增加。在该地区控制肥胖的基于社区的干预措施应特别关注这些人群。
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