Akokuwebe Monica Ewomazino, Idemudia Erhabor Sunday
Faculty of Humanities, North West University, Mafikeng, South Africa.
Front Public Health. 2021 Oct 25;9:715956. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.715956. eCollection 2021.
The shift in disease patterns has been connected with increased body weight burden, becoming a major public health concern in South Africa, as previous studies have assessed overweight or obesity among certain populations. However, little is known about bodyweight burden (underweight, overweight, and obesity) among women aged 15-49 years. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the prevalence and its associated socio-demographic correlates of bodyweight categories among women of reproductive age in South Africa. The present study used the South Africa Demographic Health Survey (2016 SADHS) data for 2016. A total of 3,263 women of reproductive age were included in the analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable logistics regressions were performed to determine the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of bodyweight categories among women in South Africa. Thus, this study used the criteria of the WHO standard body mass index (BMI) cut-offs to classify bodyweight categories. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were estimated for potential determinants included in the final model. The overall prevalence of body weight burden was 66.5%, with 4.9% underweight, 27.1% overweight, and 34.5% obese ( < 0.05). The identified factors associated with underweight among women of reproductive age were those from "other" population group [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.65: 95% CI 1.40-5.00], rural residence (AOR 1.23: 95% CI 0.75-2.02), and Northern Cape Province (AOR 1.58: 95% CI 0.65-3.87). For overweight/obese, the main factors were those aged 45-49 years (AOR 10.73: 95% CI 7.41-15.52), tertiary education (AOR 1.41: 95% CI 0.97-2.03), and residing in Eastern Cape (AOR 1.27: 95% CI 0.82-1.99) and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces (AOR 1.20: 95% CI 0.78-1.84). The findings presented in this study indicate the concurrence of underweight and overweight/obese among women aged 15-49 years in South Africa. Despite underweight prevalence being on the decline, yet overweight/obese is increasing over time. The health implication of body weight burden needs rapid and effective interventions, focusing on factors such as rural, education, population group, older age 45-49 years, and Provinces (Northern Cape, Eastern Cape, and KwaZulu-Natal) - the high-risk groups identified herein are of most importance to curb the growing burden among South African women of reproductive age.
疾病模式的转变与体重负担增加有关，这已成为南非的一个主要公共卫生问题，因为之前的研究评估了某些人群中的超重或肥胖情况。然而，对于15至49岁女性的体重负担（体重过轻、超重和肥胖）了解甚少。因此，本研究旨在确定南非育龄妇女体重类别患病率及其相关的社会人口学因素。本研究使用了2016年南非人口健康调查（2016 SADHS）的数据。分析共纳入了3263名育龄妇女。进行了双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析，以确定南非女性体重类别患病率及其社会人口学因素。因此，本研究采用世界卫生组织标准体重指数（BMI）临界值标准对体重类别进行分类。对最终模型中包含的潜在决定因素估计了95%置信区间的比值比（OR）。体重负担的总体患病率为66.5%，其中体重过轻占4.9%，超重占27.1%，肥胖占34.5%（<0.05）。确定的与育龄妇女体重过轻相关的因素包括来自“其他”人群组（调整后的比值比[AOR]为2.65：95%置信区间为1.40 - 5.00）、农村居住（AOR为1.23：95%置信区间为0.75 - 2.02）以及北开普省（AOR为1.58：95%置信区间为0.65 - 3.87）。对于超重/肥胖，主要因素包括年龄在45 - 49岁（AOR为10.73：95%置信区间为7.41 - 15.52）、接受高等教育（AOR为1.41：95%置信区间为0.97 - 2.03）以及居住在东开普省（AOR为1.27：95%置信区间为0.82 - 1.99）和夸祖鲁 - 纳塔尔省（AOR为1.20：95%置信区间为0.78 - 1.84）。本研究的结果表明，南非15至49岁女性中体重过轻与超重/肥胖情况并存。尽管体重过轻患病率呈下降趋势，但超重/肥胖情况却在随时间增加。体重负担对健康的影响需要迅速有效的干预措施，重点关注农村、教育、人群组、45 - 49岁的老年人群以及省份（北开普省、东开普省和夸祖鲁 - 纳塔尔省）等因素——本文确定的这些高危人群对于遏制南非育龄妇女日益增加的负担最为重要。
