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猿类股骨肱骨僵硬程度与树栖运动。

Ape femoral-humeral rigidities and arboreal locomotion.

机构信息

Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

出版信息

Am J Biol Anthropol. 2022 Dec;179(4):624-639. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.24632. Epub 2022 Oct 31.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

This study investigates patterns of bone functional adaptations in extant apes through comparing hindlimb to forelimb bone rigidity ratios in groups with varying levels of arboreality.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Using CT scans, bone rigidity (J) was calculated at three regions of interest (ROI) along femoral and humeral diaphyses in Homo, Pongo, Pan, and Gorilla with further comparisons made between species and subspecies divisions within Pan and Gorilla.

RESULTS

Consistent with previous work on extant hominoids, species exhibited differences in midshaft femoral to humeral (F/H) rigidity ratios. Results of the present study confirm that these midshaft differences extend to 35% and 65% diaphyseal ROIs. Modern humans, exhibiting larger ratios, and orangutans, exhibiting smaller ratios, bracketed the intermediate African apes in comparisons. Within some African apes, limb rigidity ratios varied significantly between taxonomic groups. Eastern gorillas exhibited the highest mean ratios and chimpanzees the lowest at all three ROIs. In posthoc comparisons, chimpanzees and bonobos did not differ in relative limb rigidity ratios at any of the three ROIs. However, western gorillas were more similar to bonobos than eastern gorillas at 50% and 35% ROIs, but not at the 65% ROI.

CONCLUSION

Species, and to a lesser extent subspecies, can be distinguished by F/H limb rigidity ratios according to broad positional behavior patterns at multiple regions of interest along the diaphyses. Similarity of bonobos and western gorillas is in line with behavioral data of bonobos being the most terrestrial of Pan species, and western gorillas the most arboreal of the Gorilla groups.

摘要

目的

本研究通过比较具有不同树栖程度的组的后肢与前肢骨刚性比,来研究现生猿类的骨骼功能适应性模式。

材料和方法

使用 CT 扫描,在人类、猩猩、黑猩猩和大猩猩的股骨和肱骨骨干的三个感兴趣区域(ROI)计算骨刚性(J),并在黑猩猩和大猩猩的种和亚种内进行了比较。

结果

与现生人科动物的先前研究一致,物种之间存在股骨干到肱骨(F/H)刚性比的差异。本研究的结果证实,这些骨干差异延伸到 35%和 65%骨干 ROI。现代人类表现出较大的比值,而猩猩表现出较小的比值,在比较中夹在中间的是中间的非洲猿。在一些非洲猿中,肢体刚性比在分类群之间存在显著差异。东部大猩猩在所有三个 ROI 中表现出最高的平均比值,而黑猩猩表现出最低的比值。在事后比较中,黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩在三个 ROI 中的任何一个部位的相对肢体刚性比都没有差异。然而,西部大猩猩在 50%和 35%的 ROI 上与倭黑猩猩更相似,而不是在 65%的 ROI 上。

结论

根据骨干多个 ROI 上的广泛位置行为模式,物种(以及在较小程度上的亚种)可以通过 F/H 肢体刚性比来区分。倭黑猩猩和西部大猩猩的相似性与倭黑猩猩是最具陆地性的 Pan 物种,以及西部大猩猩是最具树栖性的大猩猩组的行为数据一致。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bfc7/9828227/3c6dc6a8b93e/AJPA-179-624-g003.jpg

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