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TiCT MXene 与红细胞和人脐静脉内皮细胞的细胞相容性及其潜在机制。

Cytocompatibility of TiCT MXene with Red Blood Cells and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and the Underlying Mechanisms.

机构信息

Department of Data and Information, The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China.

Sino-Finland Joint AI Laboratory for Child Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310052, China.

出版信息

Chem Res Toxicol. 2023 Mar 20;36(3):347-359. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00154. Epub 2023 Feb 15.

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have been widely used in biomedical applications because of their biocompatibility. Considering the high risk of exposure of the circulatory system to TiCT, we studied the cytocompatibility of TiCT MXene with red blood cells (RBCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and showed that TiCT had excellent compatibility with the two cell lines. TiCT at a concentration as high as 200 μg/mL caused a negligible percent hemolysis of 0.8%. By contrast, at the same treatment concentration, graphene oxide (GO) caused a high percent hemolysis of 50.8%. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that RBC structures remained intact in the TiCT treatment group, whereas those in the GO group completely deformed, sunk, and shrunk, which resulted in the release of cell contents. This difference can be largely ascribed to the distinct surficial properties of the two nanosheets. In specific, the fully covered surface-terminating -O and -OH groups leading to TiCT had a very hydrophilic surface, thereby hindering its penetration into the highly hydrophobic interior of the cell membrane. However, the strong direct van der Waals attractions coordinated with hydrophobic interactions between the unoxidized regions of GO and the lipid hydrophobic tails can still damage the integrity of the cell membranes. In addition, the sharp and keen-edged corners of GO may also facilitate its relatively strong cell membrane damage effects than TiCT. Thus, the excellent cell membrane compatibility of TiCT nanosheets and their ultraweak capacity to provoke excessive ROS generation endowed them with much better compatibility with HUVECs than GO nanosheets. These results indicate that TiCT has much better cytocompatibility than GO and provide a valuable reference for the future biomedical applications of TiCT.

摘要

二维(2D)纳米材料由于其生物相容性而被广泛应用于生物医学领域。考虑到循环系统暴露于 TiCT 的高风险,我们研究了 TiCT MXene 与红细胞(RBCs)和人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)的细胞相容性,并表明 TiCT 与这两种细胞系具有极好的相容性。TiCT 的浓度高达 200μg/mL 时,仅引起 0.8%的可忽略不计的溶血百分比。相比之下,在相同的处理浓度下,氧化石墨烯(GO)引起 50.8%的高溶血百分比。扫描电子显微镜显示,在 TiCT 处理组中,RBC 结构保持完整,而在 GO 组中,RBC 结构完全变形、下沉和收缩,导致细胞内容物释放。这种差异在很大程度上可以归因于这两种纳米片的不同表面特性。具体来说,完全覆盖的表面终止-O 和-OH 基团使 TiCT 具有非常亲水的表面,从而阻碍其渗透到细胞膜的高度疏水环境中。然而,GO 中未氧化区域与脂质疏尾部之间的强烈直接范德华吸引力和疏水相互作用仍然可以破坏细胞膜的完整性。此外,GO 的尖锐和锐利边缘也可能使其具有比 TiCT 更强的细胞膜损伤作用。因此,TiCT 纳米片具有极好的细胞膜相容性和极弱的引发过量 ROS 生成的能力,使它们与 HUVECs 的相容性比 GO 纳米片更好。这些结果表明,TiCT 比 GO 具有更好的细胞相容性,并为 TiCT 在未来的生物医学应用中提供了有价值的参考。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/59eb/10032211/c0d17ca6b22c/tx2c00154_0002.jpg

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