Dominguez Ligia J, Veronese Nicola, Di Bella Giovanna, Cusumano Claudia, Parisi Angela, Tagliaferri Federica, Ciriminna Stefano, Barbagallo Mario
Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, "Kore" University of Enna, Enna, Italy; Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Exp Gerontol. 2023 Apr;174:112121. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112121. Epub 2023 Feb 17.
The current pandemic of obesity represents a major global public health problem, mainly due to its association with chronic non-communicable disabling conditions and with increased mortality. Population aging increases the chances of non-communicable chronic diseases allowing a longer exposure to risk factors for these disabling conditions. Obesity is a major risk factor contributing to pathological aging. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that the risk of death due to cardiovascular disease and cancer increases progressively as overweight and obesity rise. Nutrition research is now focused on the effects of combinations of foods in dietary patterns instead of those of single nutrients or foods. The dietary model with the largest body of evidence of health benefit is that traditionally followed by inhabitants of some Mediterranean countries. There is evidence confirming the inverse association of adhering to Mediterranean diet with overweight and obesity. Four meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials, including up to 16 trials, have shown a greater reduction of body weight and BMI with MedDiet compared to other diets, while a meta-analysis of 7 prospective cohort studies, found a reduced risk of becoming obese and gaining weight over time associated with a higher adherence to MedDiet. This narrative review examines studies reporting inverse associations of a higher adherence to the MedDiet with overweight/obesity and with age-associated chronic diseases related to obesity.
当前的肥胖流行是一个重大的全球公共卫生问题，主要是因为它与慢性非传染性致残疾病相关联，并且会增加死亡率。人口老龄化增加了患非传染性慢性病的几率，使得人们更长时间暴露于这些致残疾病的风险因素中。肥胖是导致病理性衰老的一个主要风险因素。大量流行病学研究表明，随着超重和肥胖程度的增加，心血管疾病和癌症导致的死亡风险会逐渐上升。目前营养研究的重点是饮食模式中食物组合的影响，而非单一营养素或食物的影响。有最充分健康益处证据的饮食模式是一些地中海国家居民传统遵循的饮食模式。有证据证实坚持地中海饮食与超重和肥胖呈负相关。四项对随机对照试验的荟萃分析（包括多达16项试验）表明，与其他饮食相比，地中海饮食能更大程度地降低体重和身体质量指数（BMI），而一项对7项前瞻性队列研究的荟萃分析发现，更高程度地坚持地中海饮食与随着时间推移肥胖和体重增加风险降低相关。这篇叙述性综述考察了报告更高程度坚持地中海饮食与超重/肥胖以及与肥胖相关的年龄相关性慢性病呈负相关的研究。
