Kabthymer Robel Hussen, Danaher Jessica, de Courten Barbora
Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025 Sep;27(9):4689-4698. doi: 10.1111/dom.16458. Epub 2025 Jun 20.
The Mediterranean diet has been extensively studied and shown to reduce chronic disease risk. The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE) offers a balanced dietary framework tailored to Australian habits, yet its comparative efficacy with the Mediterranean diet remains unexplored. Thus, this study aims to compare the efficacy of the Mediterranean diet with AGHE on body composition and glucose metabolism.
We conducted a randomised controlled trial including 57 participants (median age 31, IQR: 25-37 years; 71.9% female, BMI = 25.1 kg/m), with 23 participants randomised to the Mediterranean diet and 34 participants to the AGHE diet for eight weeks. Paired t-tests were employed for within-group comparisons, and analysis of covariance (ANOVA) was used for between-group comparisons, adjusted for age and baseline observations.
The Mediterranean diet intervention resulted in a significant decrease in waist circumference (-1.3 cm, p = 0.043), body fat percentage (-1.8%, p = 0.014), resting metabolic rate (RMR) (-17.9 kcal/day, p = 0.02) and fasting insulin concentration (-1.2 μIU/mL, p = 0.016), along with an increase in body lean mass percentage (1.7%, p = 0.015) compared to the AGHE group.
The Mediterranean diet demonstrated greater efficacy in improving body composition and maintaining metabolic variables than the AGHE. These findings may support the use of the Mediterranean diet in improving health outcomes related to obesity and metabolic disorders. However, larger, well-designed clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings and explore underlying mechanisms.
地中海饮食已得到广泛研究，并显示出可降低慢性病风险。《澳大利亚健康饮食指南》（AGHE）提供了一个根据澳大利亚人饮食习惯量身定制的均衡饮食框架，但其与地中海饮食的相对功效仍未得到探索。因此，本研究旨在比较地中海饮食与AGHE对身体成分和葡萄糖代谢的功效。
我们进行了一项随机对照试验，纳入57名参与者（年龄中位数31岁，四分位间距：25 - 37岁；71.9%为女性，BMI = 25.1kg/m²），其中23名参与者被随机分配到地中海饮食组，34名参与者被分配到AGHE饮食组，为期8周。采用配对t检验进行组内比较，协方差分析（ANOVA）用于组间比较，并对年龄和基线观察值进行了调整。
与AGHE组相比，地中海饮食干预导致腰围显著减少（-1.3cm，p = 0.043）、体脂百分比降低（-1.8%，p = 0.014）、静息代谢率（RMR）下降（-17.9千卡/天，p = 0.02）和空腹胰岛素浓度降低（-1.2μIU/mL，p = 0.016），同时身体瘦体重百分比增加（1.7%，p = 0.015）。
地中海饮食在改善身体成分和维持代谢变量方面比AGHE显示出更大的功效。这些发现可能支持使用地中海饮食来改善与肥胖和代谢紊乱相关的健康结果。然而，需要更大规模、设计良好的临床试验来证实这些发现并探索潜在机制。
