Zalewska Magdalena, Zujko Małgorzata E, Jamiołkowski Jacek, Chlabicz Małgorzata, Łapińska Magda, Kamiński Karol A
Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15b, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland.
Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland.
Nutrients. 2025 Jun 18;17(12):2034. doi: 10.3390/nu17122034.
The Mediterranean diet is considered one of the healthiest and safest diets for preventing chronic diseases. The primary objective of this study was to assess the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the occurrence of prediabetes in a representative population of Bialystok, Poland. Prediabetes is a condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but not yet in the diabetic range, indicating an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The study participants were selected into healthy control (HC) and prediabetic (PreD) groups based on age and gender. Biochemical measurements included total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), fasting glucose (FG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6). Additionally, blood pressure, handgrip strength, anthropometric parameters, and body composition were measured. Information on patients' social data, medical history, and lifestyle history was collected using questionnaires developed for this study. A standardized questionnaire, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), was used to assess life satisfaction. Dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and dietary total polyphenol intake (DTPI) were determined using a 3-day nutritional interview and appropriate databases containing information on polyphenols and the antioxidant potential of food products. To assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet recommendations, a 9-item Mediterranean Diet Index (MDI) was used. It was found that the mean MDI for the entire group was low (3.98 ± 1.74), and the HC was characterized by a significantly higher MDI compared to the PreD. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between MDI and HDL-C, whereas a negative correlation was found between MDI and FG, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), IL-6, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference, visceral fat mass, android/gynoid fat ratio. Abdominal obesity was shown to significantly reduce life satisfaction. In model 3, after adjusting for age, sex, dietary energy intake, alcohol consumption, and smoking, each additional MDI point indicated a 10% lower risk of prediabetes.
地中海饮食被认为是预防慢性病最健康、最安全的饮食之一。本研究的主要目的是评估波兰比亚韦斯托克代表性人群中坚持地中海饮食与糖尿病前期发生之间的关联。糖尿病前期是一种以血糖水平高于正常但尚未达到糖尿病范围为特征的状态，表明患2型糖尿病的风险增加。研究参与者根据年龄和性别被分为健康对照组（HC）和糖尿病前期组（PreD）。生化测量包括总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、甘油三酯（TG）、空腹血糖（FG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）。此外，还测量了血压、握力、人体测量参数和身体成分。使用为本研究开发的问卷收集患者的社会数据、病史和生活方式史信息。使用标准化问卷生活满意度量表（SWLS）来评估生活满意度。通过为期3天的营养访谈和包含多酚及食品抗氧化潜力信息的适当数据库，测定饮食总抗氧化能力（DTAC）和饮食总多酚摄入量（DTPI）。为了评估对地中海饮食建议的依从性，使用了一个包含9个项目的地中海饮食指数（MDI）。结果发现，整个组的平均MDI较低（3.98±1.74），与PreD组相比，HC组的MDI显著更高。MDI与HDL-C之间存在统计学上显著的正相关，而MDI与FG、胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）、舒张压（DBP）、IL-6、体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、腰围、内脏脂肪量、男性/女性脂肪比之间存在负相关。腹部肥胖被证明会显著降低生活满意度。在模型3中，在调整年龄、性别、饮食能量摄入、酒精消费和吸烟因素后，MDI每增加1分，患糖尿病前期的风险就降低10%。
