Khazaei Yasaman, Dehghanseresht Narges, Ebrahimi Mousavi Sara, Nazari Matin, Salamat Shekoufeh, Asbaghi Omid, Mansoori Anahita
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1134845764, Iran.
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 1579461357, Iran.
Clin Nutr Res. 2023 Jan 26;12(1):29-39. doi: 10.7762/cnr.2023.12.1.29. eCollection 2023 Jan.
Previous studies have frequently reviewed how different macronutrients affect liver health. Still, no study centered around protein intake and the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk relationship. This study aimed to examine the association between the consumption of total and different sources of protein and NAFLD risk. We allocated 243 eligible subjects to the case and control groups, including 121 incidence cases of NAFLD, and 122 healthy controls. Two groups were matched in age, body mass index, and sex. We evaluated the usual food intake of participants using FFQ. Binary logistic regression was conducted to estimate the risk of NAFLD in relation to different sources of protein intake. The age of participants was 42.7 years on average, and 53.1% were male. We found Higher intake of protein in total (odds ratio [OR], 0.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11-0.52) was significantly associated with a lower risk of NAFLD, despite adjusting for multiple confounders. in detail, higher tendency to the vegetables (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.13-0.59), grains (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.11-0.52), and nuts (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.12-0.52) as the main sources of protein, were remarkably correlated with lower NAFLD risk. In contrary, increased intake of meat protein (OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.46-6.81) was positively associated with a higher risk. Totally, more calorie intake from proteins was inversely associated with lower NAFLD risk. This was more likely when the protein sources were selected less from meats and more from plants. Accordingly, increasing the consumption of proteins, particularly from plants, may be a good recommendation to manage and prevent NAFLD.
以往的研究经常回顾不同的宏量营养素如何影响肝脏健康。然而，尚无围绕蛋白质摄入量与非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）风险关系的研究。本研究旨在探讨总蛋白质摄入量及不同来源蛋白质与NAFLD风险之间的关联。我们将243名符合条件的受试者分为病例组和对照组，其中包括121例NAFLD发病病例和122名健康对照。两组在年龄、体重指数和性别方面进行了匹配。我们使用食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估参与者的日常食物摄入量。采用二元逻辑回归来估计不同来源蛋白质摄入量与NAFLD风险的关系。参与者的平均年龄为42.7岁，男性占53.1%。我们发现，尽管对多个混杂因素进行了调整，但总蛋白质摄入量较高（比值比[OR]，0.24；95%置信区间[CI]，0.11 - 0.52）与较低的NAFLD风险显著相关。具体而言，以蔬菜（OR，0.28；95% CI，0.13 - 0.59）、谷物（OR，0.24；95% CI，0.11 - 0.52）和坚果（OR，0.25；95% CI，0.12 - 0.52）作为主要蛋白质来源的摄入量增加趋势与较低的NAFLD风险显著相关。相反，肉类蛋白质摄入量增加（OR，3.15；95% CI，1.46 - 6.81）与较高风险呈正相关。总体而言，来自蛋白质的热量摄入增加与较低的NAFLD风险呈负相关。当蛋白质来源较少选自动物性食物而更多来自植物性食物时，这种情况更明显。因此，增加蛋白质的摄入量，尤其是植物性蛋白质的摄入量，可能是管理和预防NAFLD的良好建议。
