Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, QUT.
Theranostics. 2023 Jan 31;13(3):1091-1108. doi: 10.7150/thno.78872. eCollection 2023.
There has been a long-standing interest in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics as a tool to improve patient care because it can provide rapid, actionable results near the patient. Some of the successful examples of POC testing include lateral flow assays, urine dipsticks, and glucometers. Unfortunately, POC analysis is somewhat limited by the ability to manufacture simple devices to selectively measure disease specific biomarkers and the need for invasive biological sampling. Next generation POCs are being developed that make use of microfluidic devices to detect biomarkers in biological fluids in a non-invasive manner, addressing the above-mentioned limitations. Microfluidic devices are desirable because they can provide the ability to perform additional sample processing steps not available in existing commercial diagnostics. As a result, they can provide more sensitive and selective analysis. While most POC methods make use of blood or urine as a sample matrix, there has been a growing push to use saliva as a diagnostic medium. Saliva represents an ideal non-invasive biofluid for detecting biomarkers because it is readily available in large quantities and analyte levels reflect those in blood. However, using saliva in microfluidic devices for POC diagnostics is a relatively new and an emerging field. The overarching aim of this review is to provide an update on recent literature focused on the use of saliva as a biological sample matrix in microfluidic devices. We will first cover the characteristics of saliva as a sample medium and then review microfluidic devices that are developed for the analysis of salivary biomarkers.
一直以来，人们都对即时护理（POC）诊断非常感兴趣，因为它可以在患者身边提供快速、可操作的结果，从而改善患者的护理。一些成功的即时检测示例包括侧向流动分析、尿液检测条和血糖仪。然而，POC 分析在一定程度上受到制造简单设备以选择性测量特定疾病生物标志物的能力和对侵入性生物采样的需求的限制。正在开发下一代即时检测，利用微流控设备以非侵入性的方式检测生物液中的生物标志物，从而解决上述限制。微流控设备是理想的，因为它们可以提供执行现有商业诊断中不可用的额外样品处理步骤的能力。因此，它们可以提供更敏感和选择性的分析。虽然大多数 POC 方法都使用血液或尿液作为样本基质，但越来越多的人开始使用唾液作为诊断介质。唾液是一种理想的非侵入性生物流体，可用于检测生物标志物，因为它易于大量获得，且分析物水平与血液中的水平相当。然而，在微流控设备中使用唾液进行 POC 诊断是一个相对较新的新兴领域。本综述的总体目标是提供最近有关将唾液作为生物样本基质用于微流控设备的文献更新。我们将首先介绍唾液作为样本基质的特性，然后回顾用于分析唾液生物标志物的微流控设备。
