Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75 Str., 11855 Athens, Greece.
Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Biosensors (Basel). 2022 Jun 26;12(7):455. doi: 10.3390/bios12070455.
Zoonoses and animal diseases threaten human health and livestock biosecurity and productivity. Currently, laboratory confirmation of animal disease outbreaks requires centralized laboratories and trained personnel; it is expensive and time-consuming, and it often does not coincide with the onset or progress of diseases. Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics are rapid, simple, and cost-effective devices and tests, that can be directly applied on field for the detection of animal pathogens. The development of POC diagnostics for use in human medicine has displayed remarkable progress. Nevertheless, animal POC testing has not yet unfolded its full potential. POC devices and tests for animal diseases face many challenges, such as insufficient validation, simplicity, and portability. Emerging technologies and advanced materials are expected to overcome some of these challenges and could popularize animal POC testing. This review aims to: (i) present the main concepts and formats of POC devices and tests, such as lateral flow assays and lab-on-chip devices; (ii) summarize the mode of operation and recent advances in biosensor and POC devices for the detection of farm animal diseases; (iii) present some of the regulatory aspects of POC commercialization in the EU, USA, and Japan; and (iv) summarize the challenges and future perspectives of animal POC testing.
人畜共患病和动物疾病威胁着人类健康和畜牧业的生物安全和生产力。目前，动物疾病爆发的实验室确诊需要集中的实验室和经过培训的人员；既昂贵又耗时，而且往往与疾病的发作或进展不同步。即时检测 (POC) 诊断是快速、简单且具有成本效益的设备和检测方法，可以直接在现场用于检测动物病原体。用于人类医学的 POC 诊断的发展已经取得了显著的进展。然而，动物 POC 检测尚未发挥其全部潜力。动物疾病的 POC 设备和检测面临着许多挑战，例如验证不足、简单性和便携性。新兴技术和先进材料有望克服其中的一些挑战，并使动物 POC 检测普及。本文旨在：(i) 介绍 POC 设备和检测的主要概念和形式，如侧向流动分析和芯片实验室设备；(ii) 总结用于检测农场动物疾病的生物传感器和 POC 设备的操作模式和最新进展；(iii) 介绍欧盟、美国和日本 POC 商业化的一些监管方面；以及 (iv) 总结动物 POC 检测的挑战和未来展望。
