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“如果我只是我自己,我怀疑我是否能得到这份工作”:一项对自闭症患者在面试中的经历的定性研究。

'If I'm just me, I doubt I'd get the job': A qualitative exploration of autistic people's experiences in job interviews.

机构信息

La Trobe University, Australia.

出版信息

Autism. 2023 Oct;27(7):2086-2097. doi: 10.1177/13623613231153480. Epub 2023 Feb 16.

DOI:10.1177/13623613231153480
PMID:36794473
Abstract

When applying for a job, autistic job candidates are likely to face a number of challenges. Job interviews are one of these challenges - they require communicating and relationship-building with unfamiliar people and involve expectations about behaviour (that may vary between companies and are not made clear to job candidates). Given autistic people communicate differently to non-autistic people, autistic job candidates may be disadvantaged in the interview process. Autistic candidates may not feel comfortable or safe sharing with organisations their autistic identity and may feel pressure to hide any characteristics or behaviour they feel might indicate they are autistic. To explore this issue, we interviewed 10 autistic adults about their job interview experiences in Australia. We analysed the content of the interviews and found three themes that related to the individual person and three themes that related to environmental factors. Participants told us that they engaged in camouflaging behaviour during job interviews, feeling pressure to conceal aspects of themselves. Those who camouflaged during job interviews reported that it took a lot of effort, which resulted in increased stress, anxiety and exhaustion. The autistic adults we spoke to reported a need for inclusive, understanding and accommodating employers to help them feel more comfortable disclosing their autism diagnosis in the job application process. These findings add to current research that has explored camouflaging behaviour and barriers to employment for autistic people.

摘要

在求职时,自闭症患者可能会面临许多挑战。其中之一是面试,因为面试需要与不熟悉的人进行沟通和建立关系,并且涉及到对行为的期望(这些期望可能因公司而异,而且不会向求职者明确说明)。由于自闭症患者的沟通方式与非自闭症患者不同,因此自闭症求职者在面试过程中可能处于不利地位。自闭症求职者可能会感到不舒服或不安全,不愿意向组织透露自己的自闭症身份,并且可能会感到压力,需要隐藏他们认为可能表明自己是自闭症的任何特征或行为。为了探讨这个问题,我们采访了 10 名澳大利亚的自闭症成年人,了解他们的面试经历。我们对访谈内容进行了分析,发现了三个与个人相关的主题和三个与环境因素相关的主题。参与者告诉我们,他们在面试中会表现出伪装行为,感到有压力需要隐藏自己的某些方面。那些在面试中伪装的人报告说,这需要付出很多努力,导致压力、焦虑和疲惫感增加。我们采访的自闭症成年人报告说,他们需要包容、理解和支持他们的雇主,以帮助他们在求职申请过程中更自在地透露自己的自闭症诊断。这些发现增加了当前探索自闭症患者伪装行为和就业障碍的研究。

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