Raghubeer Shanel
SAMRC/CPUT/Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2024 Feb 15;154(Pt C):175-184. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.006. Epub 2023 Feb 16.
Cardiometabolic diseases include metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Epigenetic modifications participate in cardiometabolic diseases through several pathways, including inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Epigenetic modifications, which encompass alterations to gene expression without mutating the DNA sequence, have gained much attention in recent years, since they have been correlated with cardiometabolic diseases and may be targeted for therapeutic interventions. Epigenetic modifications are greatly influenced by environmental factors, such as diet, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and pollution. Some modifications are heritable, indicating that the biological expression of epigenetic alterations may be observed across generations. Moreover, many patients with cardiometabolic diseases present with chronic inflammation, which can be influenced by environmental and genetic factors. The inflammatory environment worsens the prognosis of cardiometabolic diseases and further induces epigenetic modifications, predisposing patients to the development of other metabolism-associated diseases and complications. A deeper understanding of inflammatory processes and epigenetic modifications in cardiometabolic diseases is necessary to improve our diagnostic capabilities, personalized medicine approaches, and the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Further understanding may also assist in predicting disease outcomes, especially in children and young adults. This review describes epigenetic modifications and inflammatory processes underlying cardiometabolic diseases, and further discusses advances in the research field with a focus on specific points for interventional therapy.
心血管代谢疾病包括代谢综合征、肥胖症、2型糖尿病和高血压。表观遗传修饰通过多种途径参与心血管代谢疾病，包括炎症、血管功能障碍和胰岛素抵抗。表观遗传修饰是指在不改变DNA序列的情况下对基因表达进行的改变，近年来受到了广泛关注，因为它们与心血管代谢疾病相关，并且可能成为治疗干预的靶点。表观遗传修饰受到环境因素的极大影响，如饮食、体育活动、吸烟和污染。一些修饰是可遗传的，这表明表观遗传改变的生物学表达可能会在几代人之间观察到。此外，许多心血管代谢疾病患者存在慢性炎症，这可能受到环境和遗传因素的影响。炎症环境会恶化心血管代谢疾病的预后，并进一步诱导表观遗传修饰，使患者易患其他与代谢相关的疾病和并发症。深入了解心血管代谢疾病中的炎症过程和表观遗传修饰对于提高我们的诊断能力、个性化医疗方法以及开发靶向治疗干预措施至关重要。进一步的了解还可能有助于预测疾病结果，尤其是在儿童和年轻人中。这篇综述描述了心血管代谢疾病潜在的表观遗传修饰和炎症过程，并进一步讨论了该研究领域的进展，重点关注介入治疗的具体要点。
