CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal.
Sleep Medicine Unit, Coimbra Hospital and University Center (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2023 Apr;147:105100. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105100. Epub 2023 Feb 17.
According to the World Health Organization, about one-third of the population experiences insomnia symptoms, and about 10-15% suffer from chronic insomnia, the most common sleep disorder. Sleeping difficulties associated with insomnia are often linked to chronic sleep deprivation, which has a negative health impact partly due to disruption in the internal synchronisation of biological clocks. These are regulated by clock genes and modulate most biological processes. Most studies addressing circadian rhythm regulation have focused on the role of neurons, yet glial cells also impact circadian rhythms and sleep regulation. Chronic insomnia and sleep loss have been associated with glial cell activation, exacerbated neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, altered neuronal metabolism and synaptic plasticity, accelerated age-related processes and decreased lifespan. It is, therefore, essential to highlight the importance of glia-neuron interplay on sleep/circadian regulation and overall healthy brain function. Hence, in this review, we aim to address the main neurobiological mechanisms involved in neuron-glia crosstalk, with an emphasis on microglia and astrocytes, in both healthy sleep, chronic sleep deprivation and chronic insomnia.
根据世界卫生组织的数据，约三分之一的人口存在失眠症状，约 10-15%的人患有慢性失眠症，这是最常见的睡眠障碍。与失眠相关的睡眠困难通常与慢性睡眠剥夺有关，这对健康有负面影响，部分原因是生物节律的内部同步被打乱。这些节律由时钟基因调节，并调节大多数生物过程。大多数研究昼夜节律调节的重点都放在神经元的作用上，但神经胶质细胞也会影响昼夜节律和睡眠调节。慢性失眠和睡眠不足与神经胶质细胞激活、神经炎症加剧、氧化应激、神经元代谢和突触可塑性改变、加速与年龄相关的过程和寿命缩短有关。因此，必须强调神经胶质细胞-神经元相互作用对睡眠/昼夜节律调节和大脑整体健康功能的重要性。因此，在这篇综述中，我们旨在探讨涉及神经元-神经胶质细胞相互作用的主要神经生物学机制，重点是小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞，包括在健康睡眠、慢性睡眠剥夺和慢性失眠中。
