Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; email:
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2020 Jul 8;43:119-140. doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-091819-094557. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
While neurons and circuits are almost unequivocally considered to be the computational units and actuators of behavior, a complete understanding of the nervous system must incorporate glial cells. Far beyond a copious but passive substrate, glial influence is inextricable from neuronal physiology, whether during developmental guidance and synaptic shaping or through the trophic support, neurotransmitter and ion homeostasis, cytokine signaling and immune function, and debris engulfment contributions that this class provides throughout an organism's life. With such essential functions, among a growing literature of nuanced roles, it follows that glia are consequential to behavior in adult animals, with novel genetic tools allowing for the investigation of these phenomena in living organisms. We discuss here the relevance of glia for maintaining circadian rhythms and also for serving functions of sleep.
虽然神经元和电路几乎可以明确地被认为是行为的计算单元和执行器，但对神经系统的完整理解必须包括神经胶质细胞。神经胶质细胞的影响远远超出了丰富但被动的基质，无论是在发育指导和突触形成过程中，还是在提供营养支持、神经递质和离子动态平衡、细胞因子信号传递和免疫功能以及吞噬细胞碎片等方面，都与神经元生理学密不可分。由于具有如此重要的功能，以及越来越多的微妙作用的文献记载，胶质细胞对成年动物的行为有重要影响，新的遗传工具使人们能够在活体生物中研究这些现象。在这里，我们讨论了胶质细胞在维持昼夜节律以及在睡眠功能中的相关性。
