Department of Communication, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States.
Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States.
Psychol Health Med. 2024 Jan-Jun;29(2):297-316. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2181977. Epub 2023 Feb 21.
To identify factors that predict COVID-19 vaccination refusal and show how expectancies affect vaccination acceptance for non-vaccinated adults, we used a monthly repeated cross-sectional sample from June/2021 to October/2021 to collect data on vaccination behaviors and predictor variables for 2,116 US adults over 50 years of age. Selection bias modeling - which is required when data availability is a result of behavioral choice - predicts two outcomes: (1) no vaccination vs. vaccination for the entire sample and (2) the effects of expectancy indices predicting vaccination Refuser vs. vaccination Accepters for the unvaccinated group. Vaccine refusers were younger and less educated, endorsed common misconceptions about the COVID-19 epidemic, and were Black. Vaccination expectancies were related to vaccination refusal in the unvaccinated eligible group: negative expectancies increased vaccine refusal, while positive expectancies decreased it. We conclude that behavior-related expectancies (as opposed to more stable psychological traits) are important to identify because they are often modifiable and provide a point of intervention, not just for COVID-19 vaccination acceptance but also for other positive health behaviors.
为了确定预测 COVID-19 疫苗接种拒绝的因素，并展示预期如何影响未接种成年人的疫苗接种接受度，我们使用了 2021 年 6 月至 10 月的每月重复横断面样本，收集了 2116 名 50 岁以上美国成年人的疫苗接种行为和预测变量数据。选择偏差建模——当数据的可获得性是行为选择的结果时，需要进行选择偏差建模——预测了两个结果：（1）整个样本的未接种疫苗与接种疫苗；（2）对未接种疫苗组的预期指数预测疫苗拒绝者与疫苗接受者的影响。疫苗拒绝者更年轻，受教育程度更低，认可了关于 COVID-19 疫情的常见误解，并且是黑人。疫苗接种预期与未接种合格人群的疫苗接种拒绝有关：负面预期增加了疫苗接种拒绝，而正面预期则降低了疫苗接种拒绝。我们的结论是，与行为相关的预期（而不是更稳定的心理特征）很重要，因为它们通常是可改变的，并提供了一个干预点，不仅对 COVID-19 疫苗接种接受度，而且对其他积极的健康行为也是如此。
