Dotsenko Eugeny L, Pchelina Olga V
State University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia.
Psychol Russ. 2021 Jun 30;14(2):137-151. doi: 10.11621/pir2021.0109. eCollection 2021.
Free will belongs to the category of phenomena that are actively discussed in scientific discourse but are neither verified nor proven false. Free will is studied in philosophy, neuroscience, and psychology. We discuss this pluralism, multiplicity of perceptions, and the parties' arguments in the theoretical part of this article. We approach the existing polemics from the point of view of a person who is in the moment of making a decision and taking responsibility for it. The usual paradoxes are mitigated if we consider free will through the concepts underlying everyday consciousness.
Our aim is to introduce into the discussion of free will an understanding of its nature as a construct of everyday consciousness, one which acts as a factor in increasing the personal maturity of vital decisions. We also discuss the arguments of the various meta-positions in the dispute about free will.
Our empirical research was designed as a modification of the experiments on imposed attitudes. The sample consisted of 340 people ages 30-50 years.
The level of maturity of actions by the subjects who received the set for determinism was lower than that of the subjects who received the set for free will (U 5133; p = 0.014).
Our study showed that the stronger a person's belief in free will, the more personally mature that person's choices - actions - are; and that the more active that belief in free will, the more effective are their efforts to overcome social pressure.
自由意志属于科学话语中积极讨论的现象范畴，但既未得到证实也未被证伪。自由意志在哲学、神经科学和心理学中都有研究。在本文的理论部分，我们将讨论这种多元性、多种认知以及各方的论点。我们从一个正在做决定并为此负责的人的角度来探讨现有的争论。如果我们通过日常意识所基于的概念来考虑自由意志，通常的悖论就会得到缓解。
我们的目的是在自由意志的讨论中引入一种理解，即把自由意志视为日常意识的一种构建，它是提高重要决策中个人成熟度的一个因素。我们还将讨论关于自由意志争论中各种元立场的论点。
我们的实证研究设计为对强加态度实验的一种改进。样本由340名年龄在30至50岁之间的人组成。
接受决定论设定的受试者的行为成熟度水平低于接受自由意志设定的受试者（U = 5133；p = 0.014）。
我们的研究表明，一个人对自由意志的信念越强，其选择——行为——就越具个人成熟度；并且对自由意志的信念越积极，其克服社会压力的努力就越有效。
