Kudrnáč Aleš, Petrúšek Ivan
Senior Research Assistant, Department of Sociology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
PhD Candidate, Department of Political Sociology, Institute of Sociology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
Public Opin Q. 2023 Jan 28;86(4):968-996. doi: 10.1093/poq/nfac046. eCollection 2022 Winter.
Income redistribution and changes in redistributive policies are highly contested issues that often have a bearing on societal debate and electoral competition. Using European Social Survey data, we trace trends in public attitudes toward income redistribution in 18 European countries from 2002 to 2019, a time period which included the Great Recession, the 2015 migrant crisis, and an increase in income inequality. Although attitudes toward income redistribution were relatively stable, trends presented by countries grouped by welfare regime display considerable variation both among countries and among welfare regimes. We also trace trends in public support for redistribution by income groups and gauge the strength of belief in meritocracy and egalitarianism. The level of redistribution support among middle-income residents is similar to redistribution support of low-income residents, most notably in post-communist and social-democratic regimes. While egalitarianism is most widespread in the Mediterranean regime, meritocracy is most common in liberal and conservative regimes.
收入再分配以及再分配政策的变化是极具争议的问题，常常影响社会辩论和选举竞争。利用欧洲社会调查数据，我们追踪了2002年至2019年18个欧洲国家公众对收入再分配态度的趋势，这一时期包括大衰退、2015年移民危机以及收入不平等加剧。尽管对收入再分配的态度相对稳定，但按福利制度分组的国家所呈现的趋势在不同国家和不同福利制度之间存在相当大的差异。我们还追踪了不同收入群体对再分配的支持趋势，并衡量了精英主义和平等主义信念的强度。中等收入居民的再分配支持水平与低收入居民的再分配支持水平相似，在共产主义后政权和社会民主政权中尤为明显。虽然平等主义在地中海政权中最为普遍，但精英主义在自由和保守政权中最为常见。
