Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para-reference Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZUA), Wuhan, China.
Front Immunol. 2023 Feb 6;14:1105156. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1105156. eCollection 2023.
It is generally considered that stress causes decreased immune function and render fish vulnerable to infection and diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms between stress responses and susceptibility to infections, especially viral diseases, in fish remain unknown. Understanding and monitoring the biological consequences and mechanisms underlying stress responses in fish may contribute to the improvement of animal welfare and production efficiency. In this study, long-term exposure to a variety of stressors, including chasing, overcrowding, restraint stress, and air exposure mimicking chronic stresses, in aquaculture practices was conducted in to investigate the consequences of chronic stress on inflammation and antiviral capability. With the continuation of stimulation, experimental fish gradually became insensitive to the stress of net chasing and feeding with the accompaniment of upregulated gene expressed in the HPI axis and elevated levels of stress hormones. As expected, stress-induced hyperglycaemia with a decrease in the insulin signaling pathway and altered gene expression in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, suggesting the disturbance of glycometabolism. Importantly, a link between intestinal homoeostasis and systemic low-grade inflammation in stressed was observed, implying crosstalk among the brain, intestine, and other organs. Furthermore, the compromised antiviral capability with impaired antiviral innate immunity in stressed fish was confirmed by RNA sequencing and infection with (CyHV-2), promoting the understanding of enhanced susceptibility to viral infection in stressed fish.
一般认为，压力会导致免疫功能下降，使鱼类易感染和患病。然而，鱼类应激反应与易感性之间的分子机制，特别是与病毒性疾病之间的关系，仍不清楚。了解和监测鱼类应激反应的生物学后果和机制，可能有助于提高动物福利和生产效率。在这项研究中，在水产养殖实践中长期暴露于各种应激源，包括追逐、过度拥挤、束缚应激和模拟慢性应激的空气暴露，以研究慢性应激对炎症和抗病毒能力的影响。随着刺激的持续，实验鱼逐渐对网追和投喂的应激变得不敏感，伴随着 HPI 轴中上调的基因表达和应激激素水平的升高。正如预期的那样，应激诱导的高血糖伴随着胰岛素信号通路的降低和糖酵解和糖异生中基因表达的改变，表明糖代谢紊乱。重要的是，在应激的鱼中观察到肠道稳态与全身低度炎症之间的联系，暗示了大脑、肠道和其他器官之间的串扰。此外，通过 RNA 测序和感染 （CyHV-2）证实了应激鱼抗病毒能力受损，先天抗病毒能力受损，这有助于理解应激鱼易感染病毒的原因。
