Martorell-Ribera Joan, Koczan Dirk, Tindara Venuto Marzia, Viergutz Torsten, Brunner Ronald M, Goldammer Tom, Gimsa Ulrike, Rebl Alexander
Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.
Psychophysiology Unit, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, FBN, Dummerstorf, Germany.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 May 3;9:889635. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.889635. eCollection 2022.
Aquaculture management involves regular handling procedures, but these can evoke stress responses in farmed fish. We compiled an extensive list of published parameters that indicate the most likely handling-induced physiological deviations from the norm. However, since these parameters are based almost exclusively on studies of rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon, we conducted a handling-challenge experiment with maraena whitefish (). This salmonid fish was sampled at either 3 or 24 h after a single 1-min handling or after 10 days of daily repeated 1-min handling. The cortisol levels were strongly elevated in some individuals at 3 h after the single handling challenge, but these elevations were not significantly different between the challenged and control cohorts. The phagocytic capacity of myeloid head-kidney cells stimulated with fluorophore-labeled, inactivated was significantly decreased in maraena whitefish at 3 h after the handling challenge compared to control fish. Microarray analysis of head-kidney samples from the challenged and control fish revealed 12 differentially expressed genes at 3 h and 70 at 24 h after the single handling episode, but only 5 differentially expressed genes after 10 days of repeated daily handling. The identified genes were assigned to numerous stress- and immune-relevant functional pathways, including "glucocorticoid receptor signaling" (3 h post-challenge), "HIF1A signaling" (24 h post-challenge), or "complement system" (10 days of repeated challenge). Our data reveal the tight interconnection of immune and stress pathways in the head kidney of maraena whitefish and corroborate several parameters previously found regulated in other tissues of handling-stressed rainbow trout. These findings indicate that handling may compromise the health and welfare of maraena whitefish in aquaculture.
水产养殖管理涉及常规的处理程序，但这些程序可能会引发养殖鱼类的应激反应。我们汇编了一份详尽的已发表参数列表，这些参数表明了最有可能因处理而导致的生理偏离正常状态的情况。然而，由于这些参数几乎完全基于虹鳟鱼和大西洋鲑鱼的研究，我们对马雷纳白鲑（）进行了一次处理挑战实验。在单次1分钟处理后的3小时或24小时，或者在每天重复1分钟处理10天后，对这种鲑科鱼类进行采样。在单次处理挑战后3小时，一些个体的皮质醇水平大幅升高，但在受挑战组和对照组之间，这些升高并无显著差异。与对照鱼相比，在处理挑战后3小时，用荧光团标记的灭活 刺激的髓样头肾细胞的吞噬能力在马雷纳白鲑中显著降低。对受挑战鱼和对照鱼的头肾样本进行微阵列分析发现，在单次处理事件后3小时有12个差异表达基因，24小时有70个，而在每天重复处理10天后只有5个差异表达基因。所鉴定的基因被归入众多与应激和免疫相关的功能途径，包括“糖皮质激素受体信号传导”（挑战后3小时）、“HIF1A信号传导”（挑战后24小时）或“补体系统”（重复挑战10天）。我们的数据揭示了马雷纳白鲑头肾中免疫和应激途径的紧密相互联系，并证实了先前在处理应激的虹鳟鱼其他组织中发现的几个受调控参数。这些发现表明，处理可能会损害水产养殖中马雷纳白鲑的健康和福利。
