Bie Qiang, Wang Shijin, Qiang Wenli, Ma Xing, Gu Zhengsheng, Tian Nan
Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Yulong Snow Mountain Cryosphere and Sustainable Development Field Science Observation and Research Station/State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Heliyon. 2023 Jan 31;9(2):e13306. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13306. eCollection 2023 Feb.
The adoption of the 2030 Agenda and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) contribute to addressing the multiple and complex challenges faced by humankind. In particular, the increasing impact of climate change and globalization represent a great challenge for the sustainable development of Arctic countries and efforts are needed to measure, assess, and compare the progress toward SDGs and the trends in this region. This study used 69 indicators closely related to Arctic countries and a composite indicator approach to assess their sustainability performance. SDG interlinkages were also assessed through Spearman's rank order correlation. The results showed that the sustainable development of Arctic countries gradually improved from 2000 to 2020, with increasing scores recorded for 82% of the goals and 73% of the indicators. Overall, significant progress was observed in the SDG 10 (reduction of inequality), SDG 3 (health improvement), and SDG 4 (quality of education). The highest-ranking scores were obtained for poverty reduction (SDG 1), SDG 3, and climate actions (SDG 13) in 2020. Over the 21-year period, Sweden reached the highest overall score for sustainable development, and Russia showed the greatest improvement. Synergies dominated over trade-offs among and within SDGs. SDGs 1, 3, 9, 10, and 11 presented a relatively higher proportion of synergies, while higher proportions of trade-offs were observed for the 8-9, 8-11, 3-12, and 10-12 SDG pairs. The associations of industry development with clean energy use and environmental conservation were strengthened during the study period. However, the performance varied greatly for different indicators, goals, and their correlations among Arctic countries. The results indicate that the main challenges for these countries in relation to SDGs consist in promoting an inclusive economic model as well as sustainable consumption and production patterns.
《2030年议程》及其17项可持续发展目标（SDGs）的采用有助于应对人类面临的多重复杂挑战。特别是，气候变化和全球化影响的不断增加对北极国家的可持续发展构成了巨大挑战，需要努力衡量、评估和比较该地区在可持续发展目标方面取得的进展及趋势。本研究使用了69个与北极国家密切相关的指标，并采用综合指标方法来评估其可持续发展绩效。还通过斯皮尔曼等级相关评估了可持续发展目标之间的相互联系。结果表明，2000年至2020年期间北极国家的可持续发展逐渐改善，82%的目标和73%的指标得分有所增加。总体而言，在可持续发展目标10（减少不平等）、可持续发展目标3（改善健康）和可持续发展目标4（教育质量）方面取得了显著进展。2020年，减贫（可持续发展目标1）、可持续发展目标3和气候行动（可持续发展目标13）得分最高。在这21年期间，瑞典在可持续发展方面的总体得分最高，俄罗斯的进步最大。协同效应在可持续发展目标之间及内部的权衡中占主导地位。可持续发展目标1、3、9、10和11呈现出相对较高比例的协同效应，而在可持续发展目标对8-9、8-11、3-12和10-12中观察到较高比例的权衡。在研究期间，产业发展与清洁能源使用和环境保护之间的关联得到加强。然而，北极国家不同指标、目标及其相互关系的表现差异很大。结果表明，这些国家在可持续发展目标方面的主要挑战在于促进包容性经济模式以及可持续消费和生产模式。
