Wu Xutong, Fu Bojie, Wang Shuai, Song Shuang, Lusseau David, Liu Yanxu, Xu Zhenci, Liu Jianguo
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Sci Bull (Beijing). 2023 Nov 30;68(22):2838-2848. doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.09.010. Epub 2023 Sep 9.
At the mid-point to 2030, progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) varies significantly across countries. While the classification of countries can lay the foundation for improving policy efficiency and promoting joint action, bottom-up, SDG data-driven country classifications have largely remained unexplored. Here, we classified 166 countries based on their performances in the 17 SDGs and further used the classification to analyze SDG interactions and compare development aid distributions. The countries were classified into five groups, ranging from "lowest development with good environment" to "high development needing climate action". None of them scored highly in all SDGs, and due to trade-offs related to environment and climate SDGs, none of them can achieve all SDGs eventually. To maximize the potential for achieving the SDGs, all countries need to undergo a sustainable transformation, and prioritizing certain SDGs, such as SDG 9 (industry, innovation and infrastructure), can help countries with lower sustainable development levels achieve more with less. Furthermore, global development aid should be better aligned with country needs, particularly in areas of education, energy, environment, and water supply and sanitation. By better characterizing different countries, this study reveals the bleak prospects of achieving all SDGs and provides valuable insights into more targeted actions for national sustainable development and global collaboration.
到2030年中期，各国在实现可持续发展目标（SDGs）方面的进展差异显著。虽然国家分类可为提高政策效率和促进联合行动奠定基础，但自下而上、以可持续发展目标数据驱动的国家分类在很大程度上仍未得到探索。在此，我们根据166个国家在17个可持续发展目标方面的表现对其进行分类，并进一步利用该分类分析可持续发展目标之间的相互作用，比较发展援助的分配情况。这些国家被分为五组，从“环境良好的最低发展水平”到“需要气候行动的高发展水平”。没有一个国家在所有可持续发展目标上都取得高分，而且由于与环境和气候可持续发展目标相关的权衡，最终没有一个国家能够实现所有可持续发展目标。为了最大限度地提高实现可持续发展目标的潜力，所有国家都需要进行可持续转型，优先考虑某些可持续发展目标，如可持续发展目标9（产业、创新和基础设施），可以帮助可持续发展水平较低的国家用较少的资源取得更多成果。此外，全球发展援助应更好地与国家需求相匹配，特别是在教育、能源、环境以及供水和卫生领域。通过更准确地描述不同国家的情况，本研究揭示了实现所有可持续发展目标的黯淡前景，并为国家可持续发展和全球合作的更具针对性的行动提供了宝贵见解。
