Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
Front Immunol. 2023 Feb 2;14:1063716. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1063716. eCollection 2023.
Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, therefore lung cancer epidemiological trends reflect the past trends of cigarette smoking to a great extent. The geographic patterns in mortality closely follow those in incidence. Although lung cancer is strongly associated with cigarette smoking, only about 15% of smokers get lung cancer, and also some never-smokers develop this malignancy. Although less frequent, lung cancer in never smokers is the seventh leading cause of cancer deaths in both sexes worldwide. Lung cancer in smokers and never-smokers differs in many aspects: in histological types, environmental factors representing a risk, and in genes associated with this disease. In this review, we will focus on the genetic differences between lung cancer in smokers versus never-smokers: gene expression, germ-line polymorphisms, gene mutations, as well as ethnic and gender differences. Finally, treatment options for smokers and never-smokers will be briefly reviewed.
吸烟是肺癌的主要危险因素，因此肺癌的流行病学趋势在很大程度上反映了过去吸烟的趋势。死亡率的地理模式与发病率密切相关。尽管肺癌与吸烟密切相关，但只有约 15%的吸烟者患肺癌，而且有些从不吸烟者也会患上这种恶性肿瘤。尽管不太常见，但在全球范围内，无论男女，肺癌在从不吸烟者中是第七大致死癌症。吸烟者和不吸烟者的肺癌在多个方面存在差异：组织学类型、代表风险的环境因素以及与该疾病相关的基因。在这篇综述中，我们将重点关注吸烟者与不吸烟者肺癌之间的遗传差异：基因表达、种系多态性、基因突变，以及种族和性别差异。最后，将简要回顾吸烟者和不吸烟者的治疗选择。
