Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.
Front Neural Circuits. 2023 Feb 3;17:1098913. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1098913. eCollection 2023.
The thalamic nuclear complex contains excitatory projection neurons and inhibitory local neurons, the two cell types driving the main circuits in sensory nuclei. While excitatory neurons are born from progenitors that reside in the proliferative zone of the developing thalamus, inhibitory local neurons are born outside the thalamus and they migrate there during development. In addition to these cell types, which occupy most of the thalamus, there are two small thalamic regions where inhibitory neurons target extra-thalamic regions rather than neighboring neurons, the intergeniculate leaflet and the parahabenular nucleus. Like excitatory thalamic neurons, these inhibitory neurons are derived from progenitors residing in the developing thalamus. The assembly of these circuits follows fine-tuned genetic programs and it is coordinated by extrinsic factors that help the cells find their location, associate with thalamic partners, and establish connections with their corresponding extra-thalamic inputs and outputs. In this review, we bring together what is currently known about the development of the excitatory and inhibitory components of the thalamocortical sensory system, in particular focusing on the visual pathway and thalamic interneurons in mice.
丘脑核团包含兴奋性投射神经元和抑制性局部神经元，这两种细胞类型驱动着感觉核团中的主要回路。兴奋性神经元起源于发育中的丘脑增殖区的祖细胞，而抑制性局部神经元则起源于丘脑之外，并在发育过程中迁移到那里。除了这些占据大部分丘脑的细胞类型外，还有两个较小的丘脑区域，其中抑制性神经元的靶区是位于丘脑之外的区域，而不是邻近神经元，即正中旁小叶和缰核。与兴奋性丘脑神经元一样，这些抑制性神经元也来源于发育中的丘脑内的祖细胞。这些回路的组装遵循精细的遗传程序，并受到外部因素的协调，这些因素有助于细胞找到其位置、与丘脑伙伴建立联系，并与相应的丘脑外输入和输出建立连接。在这篇综述中，我们汇集了目前已知的关于丘脑皮质感觉系统的兴奋性和抑制性成分的发育情况，特别是重点关注了小鼠的视觉通路和丘脑中间神经元。
