纳尔逊·曼德拉湾地区弱势社区儿童的身体素质与营养人体测量状况
Physical fitness and nutritional anthropometric status of children from disadvantaged communities in the Nelson Mandela Bay region.
作者信息
Smith D, Adams L, du Randt R, Degen J, Gall S, Joubert N, Müller I, Nqweniso S, Pühse U, Steinmann P, Utzinger J, Walter C, Gerber M
机构信息
Department of Human Movement Science, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
出版信息
S Afr J Sports Med. 2020 Jan 1;32(1):v32i1a8158. doi: 10.17159/2078-516X/2020/v32i1a8158. eCollection 2020.
BACKGROUND
Information about the relationships between physical fitness, body composition and nutrition has increased in recent years; however, little is known about physical fitness and the coexistence of under-/overnutrition among children living in disadvantaged areas.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the physical fitness status and its association with body composition, growth and selected socio-demographics in primary schoolchildren from disadvantaged communities in the Nelson Mandela Bay region.
METHODS
Nine hundred and sixty-five children (49% girls, M=9.5 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Height and weight were measured to establish body mass index, and height-for-age z-scores. Physical fitness was assessed using tests from the Eurofit Physical Fitness test battery (flexibility, upper/lower body muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness). Between-group differences and cross-sectional associations were examined with univariate (Chi-tests, analyses of variance) and multivariate methods (mixed linear/logistic regression).
RESULTS
Most children had normal weight (76.7%), while 4.5% were underweight and 18.7% were overweight/obese. Underweight children and children with stunted growth (11.5%) had lower average upper body strength (p<0.001). Overweight/obese children had lower scores in weight-bearing activities (p<0.001). Children with higher socio-economic status were more likely to be overweight and obese (p<0.001). In the multivariate analyses, sex, age, body mass index, and stunting were associated with children's physical fitness.
CONCLUSION
Fitness assessments seem to be a relevant measure of the current health status of children in disadvantaged settings. Compared to international norms, the children in this study had relatively low scores for both upper- and lower body muscular strength. Therefore, effective school-based intervention programmes should be developed to improve children's physical fitness in disadvantaged schools.
背景
近年来，关于身体健康、身体成分与营养之间关系的信息有所增加；然而，对于生活在贫困地区儿童的身体健康以及营养不良/营养过剩共存情况却知之甚少。
目的
确定纳尔逊·曼德拉湾地区贫困社区小学生的身体健康状况及其与身体成分、生长发育和选定社会人口统计学因素的关联。
方法
965名儿童（49%为女孩，平均年龄9.5岁）参与了这项横断面研究。测量身高和体重以确定体重指数和年龄别身高Z评分。使用欧洲体适能测试组合（柔韧性、上/下肢肌肉力量和心肺适能）中的测试评估身体健康状况。采用单变量（卡方检验、方差分析）和多变量方法（混合线性/逻辑回归）检验组间差异和横断面关联。
结果
大多数儿童体重正常（76.7%），而4.5%体重不足，18.7%超重/肥胖。体重不足的儿童和发育迟缓的儿童（11.5%）平均上肢力量较低（p<0.001）。超重/肥胖儿童在负重活动中的得分较低（p<0.001）。社会经济地位较高的儿童超重和肥胖的可能性更大（p<0.001）。在多变量分析中，性别、年龄、体重指数和发育迟缓与儿童的身体健康状况相关。
结论
体能评估似乎是衡量贫困地区儿童当前健康状况的一项相关指标。与国际标准相比，本研究中的儿童在上肢和下肢肌肉力量方面得分相对较低。因此，应制定有效的校本干预计划，以改善贫困学校儿童的身体健康状况。
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