Silva Alexandre Rodrigues, Pereira Alexsandra Fernandes, Comizzoli Pierre
Laboratório de Conservação de Germoplasma Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brasil.
Laboratório de Biotecnologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brasil.
Anim Reprod. 2023 Feb 13;19(4):e20220135. doi: 10.1590/1984-3143-AR2022-0135. eCollection 2022.
Biological Resource Banks (BRB) or Genetic Resource Banks (GRB) are critical tools for the conservation of animal biodiversity. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, more than 38,500 species are threatened with extinction, out of a total of 138,300 surveyed species. These banks are repositories of biological samples and data recovered and preserved for the long term by zoos, universities, research centers and other conservation organizations. In recent years, BRB have increasingly included ovarian and testicular tissues as additional options to rescue and propagate wild species, especially those at risk of extinction. After in vitro culture or grafting, gonadal tissues are potential sources of matured gametes that can be used for Assisted Reproduction Technologies while informing about gametogenesis or mechanisms involved in infertility. It therefore is crucial to properly recover, cryopreserve, and culture these tissues using species-specific protocols. Developing BRBs is currently one of the strategies to preserve species from the Caatinga biome - an exclusively Brazilian biome with a rich wild fauna that suffers from anthropogenic activities. Among wild species from this biome, studies have been primarily conducted in collared peccaries, agoutis, cavies, and armadillos to preserve their ovarian and testicular tissues. Additionally, domestic species such as the domestic cat and donkeys have been proposed as models for wild species that are phylogenetically close. This review addresses the main technical aspects involved in obtaining BRB derived from gonadal tissues in some wild species of the Caatinga biome. It reports recent advances and perspectives to use these biological materials for wildlife conservation.
生物资源库（BRB）或遗传资源库（GRB）是保护动物生物多样性的关键工具。根据国际自然保护联盟的数据，在总共138300个被调查物种中，超过38500种面临灭绝威胁。这些资源库是动物园、大学、研究中心和其他保护组织长期回收和保存的生物样本及数据的储存库。近年来，生物资源库越来越多地将卵巢和睾丸组织纳入其中，作为拯救和繁殖野生物种的额外选择，尤其是那些濒临灭绝的物种。经过体外培养或移植后，性腺组织是成熟配子的潜在来源，可用于辅助生殖技术，同时有助于了解配子发生或不孕相关机制。因此，使用物种特异性方案正确回收、冷冻保存和培养这些组织至关重要。建立生物资源库目前是保护来自卡廷加生物群落物种的策略之一——卡廷加是巴西独有的生物群落，拥有丰富的野生动物群，但正遭受人类活动的影响。在这个生物群落的野生物种中，主要针对领西猯、刺豚鼠、天竺鼠和犰狳开展了研究，以保存它们的卵巢和睾丸组织。此外，家猫和驴等家养物种已被提议作为系统发育关系相近的野生物种的模型。本综述探讨了从卡廷加生物群落一些野生物种的性腺组织中获取生物资源库所涉及的主要技术方面。它报告了利用这些生物材料进行野生动物保护的最新进展和前景。
