Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Filiberto, Palomo-Ligas Lissethe
Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Olímpica, 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
Departamento de Investigación en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza s/n. Col. República Oriente, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México.
Parasitol Res. 2023 Apr;122(4):903-914. doi: 10.1007/s00436-023-07798-3. Epub 2023 Feb 23.
Diarrheal diseases are one of the main health problems worldwide, especially in developing countries with poor health systems, high rates of poverty, and poor nutrition. The main causative agents of diarrheal disease are bacteria, viruses, and parasites; among the latter, the intestinal protozoa Giardia and Entamoeba stand out. In the present work, a observational analysis of the national surveillance data of amebiasis, giardiasis, and other protozoan intestinal infections was carried out. The data issued by the Directorate General of Epidemiology was analyzed to establish its relationship with geography, socioeconomic, and environmental conditions in Mexico during the 2015-2019 period. New cases of amebiasis decreased by 25.03% between 2015 and 2019, while giardiasis and other protozoan intestinal infections remained constant; in all cases, incidence was higher in females than in males, and children under 5 years of age were the most affected. The contribution of environmental conditions (seasonality, temperature, and humidity) and socioeconomic factors in the number of protozoan intestinal infection cases was assessed by a multivariable regression model using a backward selection procedure. Peaks in cases were observed in spring and summer, which are characterized by warm and humid climates. Additionally, states with high humidity and annual average temperature contribute to a notably higher incidence of these parasites, especially annual average temperature, as demonstrated through multivariable linear regression models. Moreover, the majority of these states have the largest population living in poverty with inadequate measures for the distribution, dispensing, and sanitation of water. These data are essential to incidence rate monitoring and focus efforts on eliminating risk factors and improving health programs in Mexico.
腹泻病是全球主要的健康问题之一，在卫生系统薄弱、贫困率高且营养状况差的发展中国家尤为突出。腹泻病的主要病原体是细菌、病毒和寄生虫；其中，肠道原生动物贾第虫和溶组织内阿米巴最为突出。在本研究中，对阿米巴病、贾第虫病和其他原生动物肠道感染的国家监测数据进行了观察性分析。分析了流行病学总局发布的数据，以确定其与2015 - 2019年期间墨西哥的地理、社会经济和环境状况之间的关系。2015年至2019年间，阿米巴病新病例减少了25.03%，而贾第虫病和其他原生动物肠道感染病例数保持不变；在所有病例中，女性发病率高于男性，5岁以下儿童受影响最大。通过使用向后选择程序的多变量回归模型评估了环境条件（季节性、温度和湿度）和社会经济因素对原生动物肠道感染病例数的影响。病例高峰出现在春季和夏季，其特点是气候温暖潮湿。此外，湿度高和年平均气温高的州这些寄生虫的发病率明显更高，尤其是年平均气温，多变量线性回归模型证明了这一点。此外，这些州中的大多数有大量贫困人口，水的分配、供应和卫生措施不足。这些数据对于发病率监测以及集中精力消除风险因素和改善墨西哥的卫生项目至关重要。
