人类骨骼肌衰老性特异性萎缩：全面综述。
Human skeletal muscle-specific atrophy with aging: a comprehensive review.
机构信息
Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States.
出版信息
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2023 Apr 1;134(4):900-914. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00768.2022. Epub 2023 Feb 24.
Age-related skeletal muscle atrophy appears to be a muscle group-specific process, yet only a few specific muscles have been investigated and our understanding in this area is limited. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the available information on age-related skeletal muscle atrophy in a muscle-specific manner, nearly half of which comes from the quadriceps. Decline in muscle-specific size over ∼50 yr of aging was determined from 47 cross-sectional studies of 982 young (∼25 yr) and 1,003 old (∼75 yr) individuals and nine muscle groups: elbow extensors (-20%, -0.39%/yr), elbow flexors (-19%, -0.38%/yr), paraspinals (-24%, -0.47%/yr), psoas (-29%, -0.58%/yr), hip adductors (-13%, -0.27%/yr), hamstrings (-19%, -0.39%/yr), quadriceps (-27%, -0.53%/yr), dorsiflexors (-9%, -0.19%/yr), and triceps surae (-14%, -0.28%/yr). Muscle-specific atrophy rate was also determined for each of the subcomponent muscles in the hamstrings, quadriceps, and triceps surae. Of all the muscles included in this review, there was more than a fivefold difference between the least (-6%, -0.13%/yr, soleus) to the most (-33%, -0.66%/yr, rectus femoris) atrophying muscles. Muscle activity level, muscle fiber type, sex, and timeline of the aging process all appeared to have some influence on muscle-specific atrophy. Given the large range of muscle-specific atrophy and the large number of muscles that have not been investigated, more muscle-specific information could expand our understanding of functional deficits that develop with aging and help guide muscle-specific interventions to improve the quality of life of aging women and men.
与年龄相关的骨骼肌萎缩似乎是一种肌肉群特异性的过程，但仅有少数特定肌肉得到了研究，我们对此领域的认识有限。本综述以肌肉特异性的方式全面总结了与年龄相关的骨骼肌萎缩的现有信息，其中近一半的信息来自股四头肌。从 47 项涉及 982 名年轻人（约 25 岁）和 1003 名老年人（约 75 岁）的横断面研究中，确定了 9 个肌肉群中近 50 年来肌肉特异性大小的下降：肘伸肌（-20%，-0.39%/年），肘屈肌（-19%，-0.38%/年），竖脊肌（-24%，-0.47%/年），腰大肌（-29%，-0.58%/年），髋关节内收肌（-13%，-0.27%/年），腘绳肌（-19%，-0.39%/年），股四头肌（-27%，-0.53%/年），背屈肌（-9%，-0.19%/年），和小腿三头肌（-14%，-0.28%/年）。还确定了每个腘绳肌、股四头肌和小腿三头肌的亚组件肌肉的肌肉特异性萎缩率。在本综述中包含的所有肌肉中，萎缩最严重的肌肉（-6%，-0.13%/年，比目鱼肌）与萎缩最严重的肌肉（-33%，-0.66%/年，股直肌）之间的差异超过五倍。肌肉活动水平、肌纤维类型、性别和衰老过程的时间线似乎都对肌肉特异性萎缩有一定影响。鉴于肌肉特异性萎缩的范围很大，而且还有大量未被研究的肌肉，更多的肌肉特异性信息可以扩展我们对衰老过程中出现的功能缺陷的理解，并有助于指导针对特定肌肉的干预措施，以提高老年男女的生活质量。
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