Private Practice of Periodontology, Istanbul, Turkey (formerly Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey).
Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Halic University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Feb 22;102(8):e33140. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033140.
Smoking negatively affects the prognosis of periodontal disease by impairing tissue healing. While micronucleus is the most popular parameter for demonstrating DNA damage, inflammatory cell and vascular densities are the most evaluated parameters for determining histopathologic changes in the periodontium. This study aimed to study the effects of periodontitis and cigarette smoking on genotoxic changes in exfoliated oral epithelial cells and histopathologic changes in periodontal tissue. A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2018 and July 2019 at a dental university hospital in Turkey, and registered as NCT05484765. Eighty systemically healthy subjects were divided into four groups according to periodontal status and smoking habits: 20 smokers with generalized periodontitis (SGP), 20 nonsmokers with generalized periodontitis (NGP), 20 smokers with healthy periodontium (SHP), and 20 nonsmokers with healthy periodontium (NHP). For each study participant, full-mouth clinical periodontal parameters (CPPs) were measured, smear samples were taken from buccal and gingival mucosa, and periodontal tissue was biopsied from the maxillary molars. Cytogenetic and histopathologic assays (primary and secondary outcomes) were conducted using Feulgen reaction and hematoxylin-eosin staining, respectively. The mean CPPs of healthy periodontium groups were lower than generalized periodontitis groups. No significant differences were found between other groups regarding CPPs. Buccal micronuclei counts in groups decreased with the highest to lowest counts occurring in the order SGP > SHP > NGP > NHP. Gingival micronuclei counts in groups decreased from SGP > SHP > NGP = NHP. The most intense inflammatory cell and vascular densities occurred in SGP and NGP groups, respectively; and the mildest values were in healthy periodontium groups. Histopathological damage score decreased significantly by group in order SGP > NGP > SHP > NHP. The synergy arising from the combination of smoking and periodontitis exposures exacerbates genotoxic and histopathologic damage in oral cells and the periodontium.
吸烟通过损害组织愈合来影响牙周病的预后。虽然微核是最受欢迎的用于证明 DNA 损伤的参数，但炎症细胞和血管密度是评估牙周组织组织病理学变化的最常用参数。本研究旨在研究牙周炎和吸烟对口腔上皮细胞脱落中遗传毒性变化以及牙周组织组织病理学变化的影响。2018 年 11 月至 2019 年 7 月，在土耳其的一所牙科学院进行了一项横断面研究，并在 NCT05484765 注册。根据牙周状况和吸烟习惯，将 80 名系统性健康受试者分为四组：20 名患有广泛性牙周炎的吸烟者（SGP）、20 名患有广泛性牙周炎的不吸烟者（NGP）、20 名患有健康牙周炎的吸烟者（SHP）和 20 名患有健康牙周炎的不吸烟者（NHP）。对于每个研究参与者，测量全口临床牙周参数（CPPs），从颊侧和牙龈黏膜采集涂片样本，并从上颌磨牙采集牙周组织活检。使用 Feulgen 反应和苏木精-伊红染色分别进行细胞遗传学和组织病理学检测（主要和次要结果）。健康牙周组的平均 CPPs 低于广泛性牙周炎组。其他组之间的 CPPs 无显著差异。组间颊侧微核计数随计数从高到低的顺序 SGP > SHP > NGP > NHP 而降低。组间牙龈微核计数从 SGP > SHP > NGP = NHP 降低。炎症细胞和血管密度最高的是 SGP 和 NGP 组，分别是；健康牙周组的值最温和。组织病理学损伤评分按 SGP > NGP > SHP > NHP 的顺序显著降低。吸烟和牙周炎暴露的联合作用加剧了口腔细胞和牙周组织的遗传毒性和组织病理学损伤。
