Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK.
Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, Durham, UK.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2023 Jun 1;48(6):455-468. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0385. Epub 2023 Feb 24.
Milk-based proteins are a common choice of post-exercise nutrition to enhance exercise recovery and adaptation. Peri-exercise milk protein ingestion may attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), which is a particular risk to untrained individuals. However, most research has been conducted with males, and due to potential sex differences in EIMD, research with both sexes is required. This parallel-group randomized controlled trial examined the impact of milk protein ingestion on recovery from EIMD. Untrained males and females performed a single bout of leg-based resistance exercise and consumed a milk protein (MILK-PRO: = 4 males, = 8 females) or isoenergetic control (CON: = 4 males, = 8 females) supplement over 4 days post-exercise (17 doses total). Maximum strength was assessed ≥3 wk pre- and 72 and 168 h post-exercise, and measures of leg circumference, range of motion, muscle soreness, pressure-pain threshold (PPT), and serum creatine kinase concentration ([CK]) were conducted pre-, immediately post-, and 24, 48, 72, and 168 h post-exercise. Resistance exercise induced mild muscle damage that was not attenuated with MILK-PRO relative to CON. Peak increases in [CK] and reductions in PPT were greater in males compared with females. Changes in other markers were comparable between sexes. We conclude that moderate resistance exercise in naïve individuals induces muscle damage without compromising muscle strength. We support sex differences in EIMD and emphasize the need for further research with both sexes. Milk protein ingestion was not beneficial for recovery from EIMD, thus alternative management strategies should be investigated. This trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov PRS (protocol ID: 290580A).
乳清蛋白是运动后营养的常见选择，可增强运动恢复和适应能力。运动前摄入乳清蛋白可能会减轻运动引起的肌肉损伤（EIMD），这对未经训练的个体来说是一个特殊的风险。然而，大多数研究都是在男性中进行的，由于 EIMD 存在潜在的性别差异，因此需要对男女两性进行研究。这项平行组随机对照试验研究了乳清蛋白摄入对 EIMD 恢复的影响。未经训练的男性和女性进行了一次腿部抗阻运动，在运动后 4 天内（共 17 剂）摄入乳清蛋白（MILK-PRO：= 4 名男性，= 8 名女性）或等能量对照（CON：= 4 名男性，= 8 名女性）补充剂。最大力量在运动前 3 周和运动后 72 和 168 小时进行评估，腿部围度、运动范围、肌肉酸痛、压力疼痛阈值（PPT）和血清肌酸激酶浓度 ([CK]) 在运动前、运动后即刻以及运动后 24、48、72 和 168 小时进行测量。抗阻运动引起了轻度的肌肉损伤，与 CON 相比，MILK-PRO 并没有减轻这种损伤。与女性相比，男性的 [CK] 峰值增加和 PPT 降低幅度更大。其他标志物的变化在两性之间相似。我们得出结论，在未经训练的个体中进行适度的抗阻运动会引起肌肉损伤，但不会削弱肌肉力量。我们支持 EIMD 中的性别差异，并强调需要对两性进行进一步研究。乳清蛋白摄入对 EIMD 的恢复没有益处，因此应该研究其他管理策略。该试验已在 ClinicalTrials.gov PRS（方案 ID：290580A）进行前瞻性注册。
