Visconti Lauren M, Cotter Joshua A, Schick Evan E, Daniels Noah, Viray Frederick E, Purcell Carson A, Brotman Cate B R, Ruhman Karen E, Escobar Kurt A
Physiology of EXercise & Sport Lab, Department of Kinesiology, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 90840, USA.
Southern California University of Health Sciences, Whittier, CA, 90604, USA.
Metabol Open. 2021 Oct 3;12:100133. doi: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100133. eCollection 2021 Dec.
Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) commonly occurs following intense resistance exercise and is associated with decrements in exercise performance and delayed muscle recovery. Thus, practical methods to attenuate EIMD would prove useful to both training and athletic populations. Omega-3 (n-3) supplementation has been shown to mitigate EIMD with evidence of increasing efficacy at higher doses (up to 6 g/day). However, data of its efficacy in trained individuals is limited. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of 6 and 8 g of n-3 supplementation on markers of muscle damage and muscle recovery after eccentric resistance exercise in resistance-trained males.
Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design, 26 resistance trained males (23 ± 4 years; 173.6 ± 20.5 cm; 81.9 ± 9.7 kg; 14.2 ± 3.7% body fat) supplemented with 6 (n=10) or 8 g (n=7) of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, or placebo (n=9) for 33 days. On day 30, participants performed a lower body muscle-damaging eccentric resistance exercise bout. Measures of muscle performance, soreness, and damage were taken pre-exercise on day 30 as well as on days 31-33, including vertical jump height (VJH), perceived muscle soreness (PMS), hip and knee range of motion (ROM), repetitions to fatigue (RTF) at 70% 1-RM, and serum creatine kinase (CK) while participants continued to supplement until day 33.
There were significant differences in VJH, PMS, and serum CK following the muscle-damaging exercise bout compared to pre-exercise (<0.05). However, there were no significant (>0.05) differences between supplementation groups (6 g, 8 g, and placebo) at any time point post-exercise (day 31-33). There were no changes in hip and knee ROM or RTF at any time point or between groups. Vertical jump height and PMS returned to pre-exercise levels despite CK remaining elevated post-exercise.
Thirty-three days of 6 and 8 g of n-3 supplementation did not attenuate EIMD or enhance muscle recovery following muscle-damaging eccentric resistance exercise in resistance-trained males. Further research using various n-3 supplementation durations, doses, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations may be needed to establish its efficacy in attenuating EIMD, which may vary between trained and untrained individuals. Furthermore, while circulating CK is commonly used to assess muscle damage, elevated CK levels may not reflect muscle recovery status following muscle-damaging exercise.
运动诱导的肌肉损伤（EIMD）通常在高强度抗阻运动后发生，并与运动表现下降和肌肉恢复延迟有关。因此，减轻EIMD的实用方法对训练人群和运动员群体都将是有用的。已表明补充ω-3（n-3）可减轻EIMD，且有证据表明在更高剂量（高达6克/天）时功效增加。然而，其在受过训练的个体中的功效数据有限。因此，本研究调查了补充6克和8克n-3对受过抗阻训练的男性进行离心抗阻运动后肌肉损伤和肌肉恢复标志物的影响。
采用双盲、随机、安慰剂对照设计，26名受过抗阻训练的男性（23±4岁；173.6±20.5厘米；81.9±9.7千克；体脂14.2±3.7%）补充6克（n = 10）或8克（n = 7）n-3多不饱和脂肪酸，或安慰剂（n = 9），持续33天。在第30天，参与者进行一次下肢肌肉损伤性离心抗阻运动。在第30天运动前以及第31 - 33天测量肌肉性能、酸痛和损伤情况，包括垂直跳高度（VJH）、自觉肌肉酸痛（PMS）、髋和膝关节活动范围（ROM）、70% 1 - RM时的疲劳重复次数（RTF）以及血清肌酸激酶（CK），同时参与者继续补充直至第33天。
与运动前相比，肌肉损伤性运动后VJH、PMS和血清CK有显著差异（<0.05）。然而，运动后任何时间点（第31 - 33天）补充组（6克、8克和安慰剂）之间均无显著差异（>0.05）。任何时间点或组间髋和膝关节ROM或RTF均无变化。尽管运动后CK仍升高，但垂直跳高度和PMS恢复到了运动前水平。
在受过抗阻训练的男性中，补充6克和8克n-3持续33天并不能减轻EIMD或增强肌肉损伤性离心抗阻运动后的肌肉恢复。可能需要进一步研究不同的n-3补充持续时间、剂量以及二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）浓度，以确定其减轻EIMD的功效，这在受过训练和未受过训练的个体中可能有所不同。此外，虽然循环CK通常用于评估肌肉损伤，但CK水平升高可能并不反映肌肉损伤性运动后的肌肉恢复状态。
