Biles R W, Connor T H, Trieff N M, Legator M S
J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1978 Nov-Dec;2(2):301-12.
This study investigates the possible role of impurities in dibromochloropropane in inducing mutations, and discusses the importance of contaminants in mutagenicity and carcinogenicity testing. A technical grade sample and a pure sample of DBCP (no epichlorohydrin added) were assayed in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, with and without S-9 activation, using agar overlay procedures and dessicator procedures. Assays performed with both technical and pure DBCP without metabolic activation resulted respectively in an increase in revertants with increasing dose (0-1600 microgram/plate) when the technical grade was tested, and no substantial increase in revertants over the same dose range when the pure DBCP was tested. Distillation of technical grade DBCP yielded an initial fraction containing high amounts of epichlorohydrin (verified by GC-MS) which was highly mutagenic. The amount of epichlorohydrin in the technical DBCP sample was calculated for each dose level tested, and the number of revertants obtained in tests of the technical DBCP sample could be attributed solely to the calculated amount of epichlorohydrin in each test dose. Tests of pure and technical DBCP using a dessicator technique produced a similar differential between the technical and pure compounds in mutagenicity. Activation of both technical and pure DBCP with S-9 from Aroclor pre-treated rats resulted in high mutagenic responses, of equal magnitude, from both preparations.
本研究调查了二溴氯丙烷中杂质在诱导突变方面可能发挥的作用，并讨论了污染物在致突变性和致癌性测试中的重要性。使用琼脂覆盖法和干燥器法，在有和没有S-9激活的情况下，对工业级样品和纯二溴氯丙烷样品（未添加环氧氯丙烷）在鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA1535中进行检测。对工业级和纯二溴氯丙烷在无代谢激活情况下进行的检测，当检测工业级产品时，随着剂量增加（0 - 1600微克/平板）回复突变体数量增加，而当检测纯二溴氯丙烷时，在相同剂量范围内回复突变体数量没有显著增加。工业级二溴氯丙烷蒸馏得到的初始馏分含有大量环氧氯丙烷（经气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪验证），其具有高度致突变性。计算了所测试的每个剂量水平的工业级二溴氯丙烷样品中环氧氯丙烷的含量，并且在工业级二溴氯丙烷样品测试中获得的回复突变体数量可完全归因于每个测试剂量中计算出的环氧氯丙烷量。使用干燥器技术对纯二溴氯丙烷和工业级二溴氯丙烷进行的测试在致突变性方面，工业级和纯化合物之间产生了类似的差异。用经多氯联苯预处理大鼠的S-9对工业级和纯二溴氯丙烷进行激活，两种制剂均产生了同等程度的高致突变反应。
