Paramanik Vijay, Kurrey Khuleshwari, Singh Padmanabh, Tiwari Sneha
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology & Drug Targeting Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, 484 887, MP, India.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Neurobiology Division, John Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Biogerontology. 2023 Jun;24(3):329-346. doi: 10.1007/s10522-023-10020-7. Epub 2023 Feb 25.
Genistein (GEN) is a non-steroidal phytoestrogen that belongs to the isoflavone class. It is abundantly found in soy. Soy and its products are used as food components in many countries including India. The present review is focused to address roles of GEN in brain functions in the context of learning and memory as a function of aging and neurological disorders. Memory decline is one of the most disabling features observed during normal aging and age-associated neurodegenerative disorders namely Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), etc. Anatomical, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in the brain with advancement of age and pathological conditions lead to decline of cognitive functions. GEN is chemically comparable to estradiol and binds to estrogen receptors (ERs). GEN acts through ERs and mimics estrogen action. After binding to ERs, GEN regulates a plethora of brain functions including learning and memory; however detailed study still remains elusive. Due to the neuroprotective, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, GEN is used to restore or improve memory functions in different animal models and humans. The present review may be helpful to understand roles of GEN in learning and memory during aging and neurological disorders, its direction of research and therapeutic perspectives.
染料木黄酮（GEN）是一种属于异黄酮类的非甾体植物雌激素。它在大豆中大量存在。在包括印度在内的许多国家，大豆及其制品被用作食品成分。本综述旨在探讨GEN在学习和记忆方面对大脑功能的作用，这是衰老和神经疾病的一个功能。记忆衰退是正常衰老以及与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病（AD）和帕金森病（PD）等）中观察到的最致残特征之一。随着年龄增长和病理状况的发展，大脑在解剖学、生理学、生物化学和分子层面的变化会导致认知功能下降。GEN在化学结构上与雌二醇相似，并能与雌激素受体（ERs）结合。GEN通过ERs发挥作用并模拟雌激素的作用。与ERs结合后，GEN调节大量大脑功能，包括学习和记忆；然而，详细的研究仍然难以捉摸。由于具有神经保护、抗氧化和抗炎特性，GEN被用于在不同动物模型和人类中恢复或改善记忆功能。本综述可能有助于理解GEN在衰老和神经疾病过程中对学习和记忆的作用、其研究方向以及治疗前景。
