Zeng Yu, Zhou Wenyi, Yu Jiahao, Zhao Lei, Wang Kai, Hu Zhuoyan, Liu Xuwei
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
School of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Feb 8;12(2):418. doi: 10.3390/antiox12020418.
Non-extractable phenolic compounds (NEPs), or bound phenolic compounds, represent a crucial component of polyphenols. They are an essential fraction that remains in the residual matrix after the extraction of extractable phenolic compounds (EPs), making them a valuable resource for numerous applications. These compounds encompass a diverse range of phenolic compounds, ranging from low molecular weight phenolic to high polymeric polyphenols attached to other macro molecules, e.g., cell walls and proteins. Their status as natural, green antioxidants have been well established, with numerous studies showcasing their anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-cancer, and hypoglycemic activities. These properties make them a highly desirable alternative to synthetic antioxidants. Fruit and vegetable (F&Veg) wastes, e.g., peels, pomace, and seeds, generated during the harvest, transport, and processing of F&Vegs, are abundant in NEPs and EPs. This review delves into the various types, contents, structures, and antioxidant activities of NEPs and EPs in F&Veg wastes. The relationship between the structure of these compounds and their antioxidant activity is explored in detail, highlighting the importance of structure-activity relationships in the field of natural antioxidants. Their potential applications ranging from functional food and beverage products to nutraceutical and cosmetic products. A glimpse into their bright future as a valuable resource for a greener, healthier, and more sustainable future, and calling for researchers, industrialists, and policymakers to explore their full potential, are elaborated.
不可提取的酚类化合物（NEPs），即结合态酚类化合物，是多酚的关键组成部分。它们是可提取酚类化合物（EPs）提取后残留在残余基质中的重要部分，使其成为众多应用的宝贵资源。这些化合物包括从低分子量酚类到与其他大分子（如细胞壁和蛋白质）相连的高聚合多酚等多种酚类化合物。它们作为天然绿色抗氧化剂的地位已得到充分确立，众多研究表明它们具有抗炎、抗衰老、抗癌和降血糖活性。这些特性使它们成为合成抗氧化剂的理想替代品。水果和蔬菜（F&Veg）在收获、运输和加工过程中产生的废弃物，如果皮、果渣和种子，富含NEPs和EPs。本文综述深入探讨了F&Veg废弃物中NEPs和EPs的各种类型、含量、结构和抗氧化活性。详细探讨了这些化合物的结构与其抗氧化活性之间的关系，突出了天然抗氧化剂领域中构效关系的重要性。它们的潜在应用范围从功能性食品和饮料产品到营养保健品和化妆品。阐述了它们作为更绿色、更健康和更可持续未来的宝贵资源的光明前景，并呼吁研究人员、实业家和政策制定者探索它们的全部潜力。
