Maqsood Rabia, Khan Faizullah, Ullah Saeed, Khan Ajmal, Al-Jahdhami Habib, Hussain Javid, M Weli Afaf, Maqsood Danial, Rahman Shaikh Mizanoor, Hussain Amjad, Rehman Najeeb Ur, Al-Harrasi Ahmed
Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman.
Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Feb 8;12(2):354. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12020354.
In the current study, methanol (ADAM) extracts and their fractions, including chloroform (ADAC), ethyl acetate (ADAE), n-hexane (ADAH), and aqueous (ADAA) fractions, were prepared from aerial parts of and evaluated for phytochemical assessment, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) analysis, and in vitro bioassays. The qualitative analysis determined that, except alkaloids, all the representative groups were found to be present in the analyzed samples. Samples under quantitative study displayed the highest amount of total phenolic contents in the ADAE fraction, while total flavonoid contents were highest in the ADAM extract. The ADAM extract was subjected to HR-ESI-MS to identify the chemical constituents that presented twenty-two bioactive ingredients, outlined for the first time from mainly contributed by sub-class flavanones. In the case of antimicrobial activity, the ADAE extract revealed an effective zone of inhibition (ZOI) against the Gram-positive bacterial strain () with an MIC value of 0.78 ± 0.3 mg/mL, while the ADAA extract exhibited higher ZOI (34 ± 0.12 mm) against the fungal strain with an MIC of 0.78 mg/mL. In the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) analysis, the ADAE extract exhibited a maximum scavenging potential with an IC of 9.8 ± 1.2 μg/mL, succeeded by the ADAM extract with an IC50 of 17.4 ± 0.4 μg/mL free radical scavenging capability. In the antidiabetic assessment, the ADAE extract was the most effective, with an IC of 6.40 ± 0.1 μg/mL, while the same extract demonstrated prominent activity with 30.8% viability and an IC of 6.2 ± 0.3 μg/mL against breast cancer cell lines. The brine shrimp lethality assay demonstrated a correlation with the in vitro cytotoxicity assay, showing the ADAE extract as the most active, with a 70% mortality rate and an LC of 300.1 μg/mL. In conclusion, all the tested samples, especially the ADAE and ADAM extracts, have significant capabilities for the investigated activities that could be due to the presence of the bioactive compounds.
在本研究中，从[植物名称]地上部分制备了甲醇（ADAM）提取物及其馏分，包括氯仿（ADAC）、乙酸乙酯（ADAE）、正己烷（ADAH）和水相（ADAA）馏分，并对其进行了植物化学评估、高分辨率电喷雾电离质谱（HR-ESI-MS）分析和体外生物测定。定性分析确定，除生物碱外，所有代表性基团均存在于分析样品中。定量研究的样品中，ADAE馏分的总酚含量最高，而ADAM提取物中的总黄酮含量最高。对ADAM提取物进行HR-ESI-MS分析以鉴定化学成分，该提取物中首次鉴定出22种生物活性成分，主要由黄烷酮亚类构成。在抗菌活性方面，ADAE提取物对革兰氏阳性细菌菌株（[细菌名称]）显示出有效的抑菌圈（ZOI），MIC值为0.78±0.3 mg/mL，而ADAA提取物对真菌菌株（[真菌名称]）表现出更高的抑菌圈（34±0.12 mm），MIC为0.78 mg/mL。在DPPH（2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼）分析中，ADAE提取物表现出最大的清除潜力，IC50为9.8±1.2 μg/mL，其次是ADAM提取物，IC50为17.4±0.4 μg/mL的自由基清除能力。在抗糖尿病评估中，ADAE提取物最有效，IC50为6.40±0.1 μg/mL，而同一提取物对乳腺癌细胞系表现出显著活性，活力为30.8%，IC50为6.2±0.3 μg/mL。卤虫致死试验表明与体外细胞毒性试验相关，显示ADAE提取物活性最高，死亡率为70%，LC50为300.1 μg/mL。总之，所有测试样品，尤其是ADAE和ADAM提取物，对所研究的活性具有显著能力，这可能是由于生物活性化合物的存在。
