Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
Biomolecules. 2023 Feb 18;13(2):394. doi: 10.3390/biom13020394.
Plant cytochrome P450 monooxygenases were long considered to be highly substrate-specific, regioselective and stereoselective enzymes, in this respect differing from their animal counterparts. The functional data that have recently accumulated clearly counter this initial dogma. Highly promiscuous P450 enzymes have now been reported, mainly in terpenoid pathways with functions in plant adaptation, but also some very versatile xenobiotic/herbicide metabolizers. An overlap and predictable interference between endogenous and herbicide metabolism are starting to emerge. Both substrate preference and permissiveness vary between plant P450 families, with high promiscuity seemingly favoring retention of gene duplicates and evolutionary blooms. Yet significant promiscuity can also be observed in the families under high negative selection and with essential functions, usually enhanced after gene duplication. The strategies so far implemented, to systematically explore P450 catalytic capacity, are described and discussed.
植物细胞色素 P450 单加氧酶长期以来被认为是高度底物特异性、区域选择性和立体选择性的酶，这与它们的动物对应物不同。最近积累的功能数据清楚地反驳了这一最初的定论。现在已经报道了高度混杂的 P450 酶，主要存在于萜类化合物途径中，具有植物适应的功能，但也有一些非常多功能的外源/除草剂代谢物。内源性和除草剂代谢之间的重叠和可预测的干扰开始显现。植物 P450 家族之间的底物偏好和宽容度不同，高混杂性似乎有利于保留基因重复和进化爆发。然而，在受到高度负选择和具有重要功能的家族中也可以观察到显著的混杂性，通常在基因复制后增强。目前已经实施了一些策略来系统地探索 P450 的催化能力，对这些策略进行了描述和讨论。
