Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
Cells. 2023 Feb 10;12(4):572. doi: 10.3390/cells12040572.
In eukaryotes, mRNA metabolism requires a sophisticated signaling system. Recent studies have suggested that polyadenylate tail may play a vital role in such a system. The poly(A) tail used to be regarded as a common modification at the 3' end of mRNA, but it is now known to be more than just that. It appears to act as a platform or hub that can be understood in two ways. On the one hand, polyadenylation and deadenylation machinery constantly regulates its dynamic activity; on the other hand, it exhibits the ability to recruit RNA-binding proteins and then interact with diverse factors to send various signals to regulate mRNA metabolism. In this paper, we outline the main complexes that regulate the dynamic activities of poly(A) tails, explain how these complexes participate polyadenylation/deadenylation process and summarize the diverse signals this hub emit. We are trying to make a point that the poly(A) tail can metaphorically act as a "flagman" who is supervised by polyadenylation and deadenylation and sends out signals to regulate the orderly functioning of mRNA metabolism.
在真核生物中，mRNA 代谢需要一个复杂的信号系统。最近的研究表明，聚腺苷酸尾可能在这样的系统中发挥着至关重要的作用。聚（A）尾曾经被认为是 mRNA 3' 端的常见修饰，但现在人们知道它远不止于此。它似乎作为一个平台或枢纽发挥作用，可以从两个方面来理解。一方面，聚腺苷酸化和去腺苷酸化机制不断调节其动态活性；另一方面，它表现出招募 RNA 结合蛋白的能力，然后与各种因素相互作用，发出各种信号来调节 mRNA 代谢。在本文中，我们概述了调节聚（A）尾动态活性的主要复合物，解释了这些复合物如何参与聚腺苷酸化/去腺苷酸化过程，并总结了该枢纽发出的各种信号。我们试图指出，聚（A）尾可以比喻为一个“旗手”，它受到聚腺苷酸化和去腺苷酸化的监督，并发出信号来调节 mRNA 代谢的有序运作。
