Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27110, USA.
Nutrients. 2019 Nov 17;11(11):2807. doi: 10.3390/nu11112807.
The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) is the largest survey of dietary intake among infants and young children in the United States. Dietary patterns in early childhood are a key component of prevention of diet-related chronic diseases, yet little is known about how food consumption patterns of infants and young children have changed over time. The objective of this study is to examine trends in food and beverage consumption among children ages 6-23.9 months using data from the FITS conducted in 2002, 2008, and 2016. A total of 5963 infants and young children ages 6-23.9 months were included in these analyses. Food consumption data were collected using a multiple-pass 24-h recall by telephone using the Nutrition Data System for Research. Linear trends were assessed using the Wald's test in a multivariable linear regression model. Positive significant findings include increases in breast milk consumption and decreases in the consumption of sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages, and 100% fruit juice. More troubling findings include decreasing infant cereal consumption, stagnant or decreasing whole grain consumption, and stagnant consumption of vegetables. Our findings suggest some promising improvements in dietary intake among infants and toddlers in the United States over the past 15 years, but further policy, programmatic, and industry efforts are still needed.
《婴幼儿喂养研究》（FITS）是美国针对婴幼儿饮食摄入量进行的最大规模调查。婴幼儿时期的饮食模式是预防与饮食相关的慢性疾病的关键组成部分，但人们对婴幼儿的食物消费模式随时间发生的变化知之甚少。本研究旨在使用 2002 年、2008 年和 2016 年进行的 FITS 数据，研究 6-23.9 个月儿童的食物和饮料消费趋势。共有 5963 名 6-23.9 个月大的婴幼儿纳入了这些分析。通过电话使用多次通过 24 小时回忆法收集食物消费数据，并使用研究营养数据系统进行分析。采用多变量线性回归模型中的 Wald 检验评估线性趋势。阳性显著发现包括母乳喂养的增加、甜食、含糖饮料和 100%纯果汁的消费减少。更令人担忧的发现包括婴儿谷物消费的减少、全谷物消费的停滞或减少以及蔬菜消费的停滞。我们的研究结果表明，在过去 15 年中，美国婴幼儿的饮食摄入情况有所改善，但仍需要进一步的政策、项目和行业努力。
