Hollá Marcela, Pilařová Veronika, Švec František, Sklenářová Hana
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
Foods. 2023 Feb 19;12(4):893. doi: 10.3390/foods12040893.
New extraction protocols, gas-expanded liquid extraction (GXLE), and ultrasound extraction (UE) have been optimized with an emphasis on using green solvents and maximizing the extraction of 14 selected phenolic compounds, including flavonoid-based compounds and phenolic acids from dried apples. The design of the experiments' approach was applied to optimize the main extraction parameters. Fine tuning included optimization of the flow rate in GXLE and the extraction time for GXLE and UE. Optimized GXLE was carried out with CO-ethanol-water (34/53.8/12.2; //) at a flow rate of 3 mL/min at a temperature of 75 °C and pressure of 120 bar for 30 min. UE with ethanol-water 26/74 (/) lasted for 10 min at 70 °C. Both methods differed in solvent consumption and sample throughput, while providing a comparable total phenolic content of 2442 µg/g with an RSD < 10% and 2226 µg/g with RSD < 6%, for GXLE and UE, respectively. Both methods were used in determining the phenolic compounds in five apple cultivars, 'Angold', 'Artiga', 'Golden Delicious', 'Meteor', and 'Topaz'. Phenolic profiles were plotted with chlorogenic acid, catechin, epicatechin, hirsutrin, phloridzin, and guaiaverin as the main components. Statistical evaluation, including pair t-test, Bland-Altman test, and linear regression did not reveal any differences between UE and GXLE results.
新的提取方案，即气体膨胀液体萃取（GXLE）和超声萃取（UE）已得到优化，重点是使用绿色溶剂并最大限度地从干苹果中提取14种选定的酚类化合物，包括基于黄酮类的化合物和酚酸。采用实验设计方法来优化主要提取参数。微调包括优化GXLE中的流速以及GXLE和UE的提取时间。优化后的GXLE使用CO - 乙醇 - 水（34/53.8/12.2；//），在75℃温度、120巴压力下以3毫升/分钟的流速进行30分钟。用乙醇 - 水26/74（/）进行的UE在70℃下持续10分钟。两种方法在溶剂消耗和样品通量方面存在差异，而GXLE和UE的总酚含量分别为2442微克/克（RSD < 10%）和2226微克/克（RSD < 6%），具有可比性。两种方法都用于测定五个苹果品种‘Angold’、‘Artiga’、‘金冠’、‘流星’和‘黄玉’中的酚类化合物。以绿原酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素、多球悬钩子苷、根皮苷和愈创木苷为主要成分绘制酚类图谱。包括配对t检验、布兰德 - 奥特曼检验和线性回归在内的统计评估未发现UE和GXLE结果之间存在任何差异。
