Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, Lihu Campus, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
Genes (Basel). 2023 Jan 27;14(2):329. doi: 10.3390/genes14020329.
Biological aging is characterized by irreversible cell cycle blockade, a decreased capacity for tissue regeneration, and an increased risk of age-related diseases and mortality. A variety of genetic and epigenetic factors regulate aging, including the abnormal expression of aging-related genes, increased DNA methylation levels, altered histone modifications, and unbalanced protein translation homeostasis. The epitranscriptome is also closely associated with aging. Aging is regulated by both genetic and epigenetic factors, with significant variability, heterogeneity, and plasticity. Understanding the complex genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of aging will aid the identification of aging-related markers, which may in turn aid the development of effective interventions against this process. This review summarizes the latest research in the field of aging from a genetic and epigenetic perspective. We analyze the relationships between aging-related genes, examine the possibility of reversing the aging process by altering epigenetic age.
生物衰老的特征是不可逆的细胞周期阻滞、组织再生能力下降，以及与年龄相关的疾病和死亡率增加。多种遗传和表观遗传因素调节衰老，包括衰老相关基因的异常表达、DNA 甲基化水平升高、组蛋白修饰改变以及蛋白质翻译平衡失调。转录组也与衰老密切相关。衰老受遗传和表观遗传因素的调节，具有显著的可变性、异质性和可塑性。了解衰老的复杂遗传和表观遗传机制有助于确定与衰老相关的标志物，这可能有助于开发针对这一过程的有效干预措施。本综述从遗传和表观遗传的角度总结了衰老领域的最新研究进展。我们分析了与衰老相关的基因之间的关系，研究了通过改变表观遗传年龄来逆转衰老过程的可能性。
