Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
Faculty of Science and Technology, Jambi University, Jambi 36364, Indonesia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 8;20(4):2947. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042947.
The health risk of schoolchildren who were exposed to airborne fine and ultrafine particles (PM) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Jambi City (a medium-sized city in Sumatra Island), Indonesia was examined. A questionnaire survey was used to collect information on schoolchildren from selected schools and involved information on personal profiles; living conditions; daily activities and health status. Size-segregated ambient particulate matter (PM) in school environments was collected over a period of 24 h on weekdays and the weekend. The personal exposure of PM of eight selected schoolchildren from five schools was evaluated for a 12-h period during the daytime using a personal air sampler for PM particles. The schoolchildren spent their time mostly indoors (88%), while the remaining ~12% was spent in traveling and outdoor activities. The average exposure level was 1.57.6 times higher than the outdoor level and it was particularly high for the PM fraction (4.8~7.6 times). Cooking was shown to be a key parameter that explains such a large increase in the exposure level. The PM had the largest total respiratory deposition doses (RDDs), particularly during light exercise. The high level of PM exposure by indoor sources potentially associated with health risks was shown to be important.
研究了印度尼西亚占碑市（苏门答腊岛上的一个中等城市）在 COVID-19 大流行期间暴露于空气中细颗粒物和超细颗粒物（PM）的学童的健康风险。使用问卷调查收集了来自选定学校的学童信息，包括个人资料、生活条件、日常活动和健康状况。在工作日和周末的 24 小时内，收集了学校环境中按粒径分级的环境颗粒物（PM）。使用个人空气采样器在白天对来自五所学校的八名选定学童的 PM 颗粒进行了 12 小时的个人暴露评估。学童大部分时间都在室内度过（88%），其余12%时间用于旅行和户外活动。平均暴露水平比室外水平高 1.57.6 倍，特别是 PM 分数（4.87.6 倍）更高。烹饪被证明是解释暴露水平大幅上升的关键参数。PM 对呼吸道总沉积剂量（RDD）的影响最大，尤其是在轻度运动时。室内来源导致的高水平 PM 暴露可能与健康风险有关，这一点很重要。
