Department of Nursing Science, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea.
Department of Nursing, Gyeongnam Geochang University, Geochang-gun 50147, Republic of Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 10;20(4):3101. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043101.
This study investigated the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on sleep in older people through a systematic review and meta-analysis. We conducted a literature search using eight electronic databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Participant characteristics, the contents of the evaluated interventions, and the measured outcomes were systematically reviewed for 15 selected studies. We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the effect size for overall, aggregated sleep outcomes. Due to the small number of studies available for each intervention, only the overall effectiveness of non-pharmacological sleep interventions was evaluated. The evaluated interventions included exercise, aromatherapy, acupressure, cognitive behavior therapy, and meditation. Our results demonstrated that non-pharmacological interventions showed statistically significant effects on sleep (effect size = 1.00, 95% confidence interval: 0.16, 1.85, I = 92%, < 0.001). After confirming publication bias and removing outliers, we found no heterogeneity (I = 17%, = 0.298), with a decrease in effect size to 0.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.47, 0.93). Non-pharmacological interventions are effective for improving sleep in older adults. Future studies should continue to investigate sleep problems and interventions addressing these problems in this demographic, particularly in older women. Objective measures should be used to follow-up on the evaluated sleep interventions over the long term.
本研究通过系统评价和荟萃分析探讨了非药物干预对老年人睡眠的影响。我们按照系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目协议，使用八个电子数据库进行了文献检索。对 15 项选定研究的参与者特征、评估干预措施的内容和测量结果进行了系统回顾。我们进行了荟萃分析，以估计总体、综合睡眠结果的效应大小。由于每种干预措施的研究数量较少，仅评估了非药物睡眠干预的总体效果。评估的干预措施包括运动、芳香疗法、穴位按压、认知行为疗法和冥想。我们的结果表明，非药物干预对睡眠有统计学显著影响（效应大小= 1.00，95%置信区间：0.16，1.85，I = 92%，<0.001）。在确认发表偏倚和去除异常值后，我们发现没有异质性（I = 17%，= 0.298），效应大小减小到 0.70（95%置信区间：0.47，0.93）。非药物干预对改善老年人睡眠有效。未来的研究应继续调查这一年龄段的睡眠问题和针对这些问题的干预措施，特别是针对老年女性。应使用客观措施对评估的睡眠干预措施进行长期随访。
