Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Department of Kinesiology, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35226, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 12;20(4):3219. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043219.
Athletes training in heat experience physiological and perceptual symptoms that risk their safety and performance without adaptation.
We examined the changes in environmental symptoms, assessed with the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ), during heat acclimatization (HAz), heat acclimation (HA), and intermittent heat training (HT).
Twenty-seven participants (mean ± standard deviation [M ± SD], age of 35 ± 12 y, VO of 57.7 ± 6.8 mL·kg·min) completed five trials involving 60 mins of running (60% vVO) followed by a 4 km time trial in heat (M ± SD, temperature of 35.5 ± 0.7 °C, humidity of 46.4 ± 1.5%). The trials occurred at baseline, post-HAz, post-HA, at week 4 of HT (post-HT4), and at week 8 of HT (post-HT8). The participants completed HT once/week (HT), completed HT twice/week (HT), or did not complete HT (HT). ESQ symptoms, thermal sensation (TS), and heart rate (HR) were measured pre- and post-trial.
Post-ESQ symptoms improved post-HA (3[0.40, 4.72], 0.02) and post-HAz (3[0.35, 5.05], 0.03) from baseline. During HT, symptoms improved in the HT group and worsened in the HT and HT groups. Symptoms improved in the HT group versus the HT group at post-HT8 (4[1.02, 7.23], 0.012). Higher TS and HR values were weakly associated with ESQ symptoms during HT ( 0.20, 0.04), only explaining 20% of variance.
ESQ symptoms improved during HAz, HA, and HT 2x/week. ESQ symptoms were not statistically correlated with HR during exercise heat stress. TS was not sensitive to detecting adaptation and did not subjectively change. The ESQ may be valuable in monitoring adaptation and may contribute to performance post-acclimation.
运动员在热环境中训练会经历可能危及他们安全和表现的生理和知觉症状，如果不适应，这些症状的风险会更大。
我们研究了环境症状问卷（ESQ）评估的热适应（HAz）、热适应（HA）和间歇性热训练（HT）期间环境症状的变化。
27 名参与者（平均值±标准偏差 [M ± SD]，年龄 35 ± 12 岁，VO 为 57.7 ± 6.8 mL·kg·min）完成了 5 次试验，每次试验包括 60 分钟的跑步（60% vVO），然后在热环境中进行 4 公里计时赛（M ± SD，温度为 35.5 ± 0.7°C，湿度为 46.4 ± 1.5%）。这些试验分别在基线、HAz 后、HA 后、HT4 后（post-HT4）和 HT8 后（post-HT8）进行。参与者每周进行 1 次 HT（HT）、每周进行 2 次 HT（HT）或不进行 HT（HT）。在试验前后测量 ESQ 症状、热感觉（TS）和心率（HR）。
HA 和 HAz 后，ESQ 症状较基线改善（3[0.40，4.72]，0.02）。HT 期间，HT 组症状改善，HT 和 HT 组症状恶化。与 HT 组相比，HT8 后 HT 组的症状改善（4[1.02，7.23]，0.012）。在 HT 期间，更高的 TS 和 HR 值与 ESQ 症状呈弱相关（0.20，0.04），仅解释了 20%的方差。
HAz、HA 和 HT 2x/周期间，ESQ 症状得到改善。ESQ 症状与运动热应激期间的 HR 无统计学相关性。TS 对检测适应不敏感，且不主观改变。ESQ 可能对监测适应有用，并可能有助于适应后表现。
