Stearns Rebecca L, Belval Luke N, Casa Douglas J, Klau Jennifer F, Emmanuel Holly, Armstrong Lawrence E, Maresh Carl M
The Korey Stringer Institute, The University of Connecticut, 2095 Hillside Rd, U-1110, Storrs, CT 06269-1110, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2013 Aug;84(8):797-802. doi: 10.3357/asem.3154.2013.
The purpose was to: 1) correlate and compare the long Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (56-ESQ) with markers of heat acclimation; 2) compare the 56-ESQ with a modified version of the ESQ (14-ESQ) over a 10-d exercise heat acclimation protocol; 3) correlate both scales with physiological data; and 4) determine those questions most sensitive to heat acclimation responses to further refine the 14-ESQ. This is reported as a 12-question ESQ (12-ESQ), which was correlated with physiological data.
There were 10 non-trained, non-heat-acclimatized men (age 20 +/- 1 yr; height 184 +/- 8 cm; weight 81.7 +/- 12.2 kg; percent body fat 10.1 +/- 2.9%) who undertook 10 consecutive days of heat acclimation (walking at 5.6 km x h(-1), 5% grade, 90 min duration; 33 degrees C, 30-50% relative humidity). ESQ forms were completed on days 1, 4, 7, and 10 pre- and post-exercise. During exercise, rectal temperature (T(r)), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded.
Verification of heat acclimation was based on T(r) and HR, which were significantly lower on day 4 (38.11 +/- 0.25 degrees C, 143 +/- 13 bpm) vs. day 1 (38.46 +/- 0.47 degrees C, 158 +/- 17 bpm) and all subsequent days. All ESQ scales demonstrated a significant effect of time, supporting evidence of heat acclimation. The 56-, 14-, and 12-ESQ post-exercise scores were significantly correlated with HR (r2 = 0.424, 0.353, and 0.430, respectively). The 12-ESQ was correlated with T(r) (r2 = 0.400).
The 12- and 14-ESQ tracked well with the 56-ESQ. All ESQs were able to track physiological variables and symptoms of heat stress. All ESQ forms may be used as an efficient method to indicate environmental heat stress and symptoms.
目的是：1）将长期环境症状问卷（56 - ESQ）与热适应标志物进行关联和比较；2）在为期10天的运动热适应方案中，将56 - ESQ与ESQ的修订版（14 - ESQ）进行比较；3）将两个量表与生理数据进行关联；4）确定对热适应反应最敏感的问题，以进一步完善14 - ESQ。本文报告了一个与生理数据相关联的12题ESQ（12 - ESQ）。
招募了10名未经训练、未适应热环境的男性（年龄20±1岁；身高184±8厘米；体重81.7±12.2千克；体脂百分比10.1±2.9%），他们连续进行了10天的热适应（以5.6千米/小时的速度行走，坡度5%，持续90分钟；温度33摄氏度，相对湿度30 - 50%）。在第1、4、7和10天运动前和运动后完成ESQ表格。运动期间，记录直肠温度（T(r)）、心率（HR）和自觉用力程度（RPE）。
热适应的验证基于T(r)和HR，第4天（38.11±0.25摄氏度，143±13次/分钟）的T(r)和HR显著低于第1天（38.46±0.47摄氏度，158±17次/分钟）以及随后所有天数。所有ESQ量表均显示出时间的显著影响，支持热适应的证据。运动后56 - ESQ、14 - ESQ和12 - ESQ的得分与HR显著相关（r2分别为0.424、0.353和0.430）。12 - ESQ与T(r)相关（r2 = 0.400）。
12 - ESQ和14 - ESQ与56 - ESQ的跟踪效果良好。所有ESQ都能够跟踪生理变量和热应激症状。所有ESQ表格都可作为指示环境热应激和症状的有效方法。
