Yeargin Susan W, Dickinson John J, Emerson Dawn M, Koller Jessica, Torres-McGehee Toni M, Kerr Zachary Y
Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Palmetto Health/USC Orthopedic Center, Keenan High School, Columbia, SC 29203, USA.
J Sport Health Sci. 2021 Jan;10(1):91-98. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.03.002. Epub 2019 Mar 7.
To determine which intrinsic and extrinsic exertional heat illness (EHI) risk factors exist in youth American football players and observe perceptual and physiological responses of players during events (games and practices).
Cross-sectional cohort study observing 63 youth football players, varying in position. Independent variables were league (weight-restricted (WR, n = 27) and age-restricted (AR, n = 36)) and event type. Dependent variables were anthropometrics, work-to-rest ratio, and wet bulb globe temperature. Descriptive variables included preparticipation examination and uniform configuration. A subset of 16 players participated in physiological variables (heart rate and gastrointestinal temperature). Data collection occurred on 7 AR and 8 WR nonconsecutive practices and the first 3 games of the season.
Mean values for anthropometric variables were higher (p < 0.05) in the AR league than the WR league. Work time (χ (1,111) = 4.232; p = 0.039) and rest time (χ (1,111) = 43.41; p < 0.001) were significantly greater for games, but ratios were significantly higher for practices (χ (1,111) = 40.62; p < 0.001). The majority of events (77%) observed were in black and red flag wet bulb globe temperature risk categories. A total of 57% of the players had a preparticipation examination, and up to 82% of events observed were in full uniforms. Individual gastrointestinal temperature and heart rate responses ranged widely and no players reached critical thresholds.
Extrinsic (disproportionate work ratios, environmental conditions) and intrinsic (higher body mass index) EHI risk factors exist in youth football. Certain risk factors may be influenced by event and league type. National youth football organizations need to create thorough guidelines that address EHI risk factors for local leagues to adopt.
确定美国青少年橄榄球运动员存在哪些内在和外在的运动性热疾病（EHI）风险因素，并观察运动员在赛事（比赛和训练）期间的感知和生理反应。
横断面队列研究，观察63名不同位置的青少年橄榄球运动员。自变量为联赛类型（体重限制组（WR，n = 27）和年龄限制组（AR，n = 36））和赛事类型。因变量为人的测量数据、工作与休息比率以及湿球黑球温度。描述性变量包括参赛前检查和制服配置。16名运动员的子集参与了生理变量（心率和胃肠道温度）的测量。数据收集于7次AR组和8次WR组的非连续训练以及赛季的前3场比赛。
AR联赛中人体测量变量的平均值高于WR联赛（p < 0.05）。比赛的工作时间（χ(1,111) = 4.232；p = 0.039）和休息时间（χ(1,111) = 43.41；p < 0.001）显著更长，但训练的比率显著更高（χ(1,111) = 40.62；p < 0.001）。观察到的大多数赛事（77%）处于黑旗和红旗湿球黑球温度风险类别。共有57%的运动员进行了参赛前检查，观察到的赛事中高达82%的运动员穿着全套制服。个体胃肠道温度和心率反应范围广泛，没有运动员达到临界阈值。
青少年橄榄球运动中存在外在（工作比率不均衡、环境条件）和内在（较高的体重指数）EHI风险因素。某些风险因素可能受赛事和联赛类型的影响。国家青少年橄榄球组织需要制定全面的指南，供地方联赛采用以应对EHI风险因素。
