Polymorphisms in Genes Encoding VDR, CALCR and Antioxidant Enzymes as Predictors of Bone Tissue Condition in Young, Healthy Men.

The aim of the study was to assess significant predictors of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in a group of young, healthy men at the time of reaching peak bone mass. Regression analyses showed that age, BMI and practicing combat sports and team sports at a competitive level (trained vs. untrained group; TR vs. CON, respectively) were positive predictors of BMD/BMC values at various skeletal sites. In addition, genetic polymorphisms were among the predictors. In the whole population studied, at almost all measured skeletal sites, the AG genotype proved to be a negative predictor of BMC, while the GG genotype was a negative predictor of BMD. In contrast, the AG genotype was a positive predictor of arm BMD. ANOVA analyses showed that, regarding polymorphism, the TR group was responsible for the significant intergenotypic differences in BMC that were observed in the whole study population (i.e., lower BMC values of leg, trunk and whole body were observed in AG TR compared to AA TR). On the other hand, higher BMC at L1-L4 was observed in the GG genotype of the TR group compared to in the same genotype of the CON group. For the polymorphism, BMD at L1-L4 was higher in AG TR than in AG CON. In turn, the AA genotype in the TR group had higher arm BMD compared to the same genotype in the CON group. In conclusion, , and polymorphisms seem to affect the association of BMC/BMD values with training status. In general, at least within the and polymorphisms, less favorable genotypes in terms of BMD (i.e., AG and AA) appear to be associated with a greater BMD response to sports training. This suggests that, in healthy men during the period of bone mass formation, sports training (combat and team sports) may attenuate the negative impact of genetic factors on bone tissue condition, possibly reducing the risk of osteoporosis in later age.